Figure 1.
Phylogeny for spider groups analyzed in this study.
Figure 2.
Alignment of Egg Case Proteins (ECPs) and Egg Case Protein-like proteins (ECPLs).
A) Schematic of alignment of Latrodectus hesperus ECPs and Liphistius malayanus ECPLs. B) Alignment of amino acid sequences, abbreviated using single letters. Only partial Latrodectus (Latr) ECPs are shown as Liphistius (Liph) ECPLs lack the extended repetitive region. Alignment columns were highlighted using GeneDoc [67] according to physiochemical properties (Text color/Shade color: Proline Blue/Red; Glycine Green/Red; Tiny Blue/Yellow; Small Green/Yellow; Positive Red/Blue; Negative Green/Blue; Charged White/Blue; Amphoteric Red/Green; Polar Black/Green; Aliphatic Red/Gray; Aromatic Blue/Gray; Hydrophobic White/Black). Upper-case single letters occur above alignment positions showing 100% amino acid conservation, while lower case single letters occur above positions showing >50% conservation.
Figure 3.
Spidroin gene tree with inferred duplication events.
Spidroin gene tree is based on a ML analysis of the carboxy-terminal encoding region with gaps coded as binary characters and monophyly of some groups constrained (see Methods). Numbers next to nodes and terminals correspond to numbers in supplementary Tables S1 and S2 showing support values, alternate rootings, and continuous character data. Spidroins are colored according to the taxonomic group from which they were characterized: purple = Mesothelae, blue = Mygalomorphae, green = Araneomorphae. Gray squares indicate duplication events inferred by reconciliation. Hash marks on branch indicate arbitrary shortening of branch for figure quality purposes. Brackets indicate clades with the following abbreviations: AcSp = Aciniform, TuSp = Tubuliform, PySp = Pyriform, MaSp = Major ampullate, MiSp = Minor ampullate, Flag = Flagelliform.
Figure 4.
Majority rule consensus of ensemble repeats within spidroins.
Ensemble repeats are tandemly arrayed. Amino acid sequences with single letter abbreviations are shown. Alanine (red), serine (blue), and glycine (green) are highlighted. Single amino acids repeated in tandem are underlined. Repeat lengths are given in parentheses.
Figure 5.
Heat map of percent compositions of alanine, glycine, and serine from spidroin repetitive regions.
Cladogram adjacent to heat map shows relationships as in Figure 3. Hexura fib1 was omitted since no repetitive region sequence was obtained for that cDNA. Here, red indicates levels furthest below the mean, while white indicates levels furthest above the mean. Histograms on columns also show relative composition levels of the three amino acids across spidroins. Spidroin colors and abbreviations for clade names are as in Figure 3. Numbers at nodes correspond to information in supplementary Tables S1 and S2.
Figure 6.
Alignment of DNA sequences for Liphistius fib1 repeats.
Amino acid translation and DNA consensus sequences are above repeat sequences. Dots indicate identity to the consensus sequence. Non-synonymous and synonymous differences from the consensus are indicated by upper and lower case letters, respectively.