Figure 1.
Metabolic pathways involving betaine. BHMT: betaine homocysteine methyltransferase, a zinc metalloenzyme abundant in human liver and kidney tissues. SAM: S-adenosylmethionine, ubiquitous methyl-group donor in human metabolism.
Table 1.
Study population.
Table 2.
Predictors of events.
Figure 2.
Kaplan-Meier curves for time to first secondary event after samples taken: A & B: quintiles of gender-adjusted plasma betaine concentrations, A without acute MI, B without admission to hospital for heart failure; C & D: quintiles of plasma homocysteine concentrations, C without acute MI, D without admission to hospital for heart failure. Significance based on log-rank statistic for paired comparisons.
Figure 3.
Kaplan-Meier curves for time to first secondary events after samples taken: A & B subjects without diabetes, A time without acute MI, B time without admission to hospital with heart failure; C & D subjects with diabetes, C time without acute MI, D time without admission to hospital with heart failure. Quintiles (based on whole population) of gender-adjusted plasma betaine concentrations. Significance based on log-rank statistic for paired comparisons.
Table 3.
Differences between plasma betaine quintiles.
Figure 4.
Median NT-proBNP concentrations of deciles of gender-corrected plasma betaine concentrations; trend (quadratic regression) and 95% confidence intervals shown (p<0.001).
Table 4.
Cox regression models.