Table 1.
Original locations of SwAsp Collection populations.
Figure 1.
Stem heights and diameters of SwAsp clones grouped by population.
Stem heights (A) and diameters (B) of all SwAsp clones grouped by their population of origin, ranked from south to north, in the Sävar common garden in 2009. Six to 10 clones are represented per location. Spearman rank coefficient, r, indicates correlation between trait and latitude of population origin; *** indicates statistical significance at P<0.001.
Figure 2.
Leaf trait values of SwAsp clones grouped by population.
Distribution of leaf trait values of all SwAsp clones grouped by their population of origin, ranked from south to north. Traits were measured in the Sävar common garden in 2008 (A, B, C, D) and 2009 (E, F). Six to 10 replicated clones are represented per location. Spearman rank correlation coefficients, r, between trait and latitude of clone origin are shown with the following significance levels: ** P<0.01, and NS non-significant.
Table 2.
Population differentiation (QST) and broad-sense heritability (H2) of stem, leaf and arthropod community traits in the SwAsp common garden, Sävar (63°54′N).
Figure 3.
Numbers of arthropods categorised by feeding guilds recorded on SwAsp clones grouped by population.
Numbers of arthropods grouped by feeding guilds recorded on all SwAsp clones grouped by their population of origin, ranked from south to north. Traits were measured at maximum abundance in 2009 in the Sävar common garden. Six to 10 replicated clones are represented per location. Spearman rank correlation coefficients, r, between trait and latitude of clone origin are shown with the following significance levels: *** P<0.001, ** P<0.01.
Table 3.
The most common arthropod morphs in the SwAsp common garden at Sävar (63°54′N), expressed as the maximum percentage of the trees in the garden affected by each species.
Table 4.
Population differentiation (QST) and broad-sense heritabilities (H2) of biotic traits: Melampsora leaf rust infection, and arthropod herbivore community traits in the SwAsp common garden at Sävar (63°54′N).
Table 5.
Differentiation of arthropod community composition by plant genotype and population in the Sävar common garden (63°54′N).
Figure 4.
Principal components biplot of plant and arthropod traits in Sävar common garden.
Biplot of the first two components of principal components analysis conducted on stem and leaf trait with arthropod abundance and species richness in the SwAsp common garden at Sävar. The first and second principal components respectively represent 34.5% and 51.4% of the total variation explained. Analysis was conducted on all clones, labelled as grey numbers from the populations indicated in Table 1. Trait abbreviations: Petiole = petiole length, Anth = anthocyanin index, Chl = chlorophyll index, SLA = specific leaf area, Abund = arthropod abundance, Sprich = species richness.
Table 6.
Trait loadings of the first (PC1) and second (PC2) principal components of analysis on plant traits and arthropod indices in 2009, with PC1 explaining 34.5% and PC2 explaining 51.4% of the cumulative variation in the data set.
Table 7.
Differentiation of arthropod community composition in 2009 by plant functional traits.