Table 1.
Site Characteristics.
Figure 1.
Average coefficient of relatedness (cr) at distances up to 100 m for us = 20 (blue), 100 (red), 800 (purple), 3500 (green), 7000 (black). Left: several out-of-plot seed sources, Duke Forest. Right: randomly distributed seed sources, Coweeta.
Table 2.
Model results.
Figure 2.
Observed within-stand dispersal distances vs. nearest adult distances.
Top – Distances between observed mother-seedling pairs (dark bars) vs. seedling to the nearest adult tree (light). Bottom – Distances between observed mother-father pairs (dark bars) vs. mother tree to nearest neighbor (light bars). Notice that observed dispersal distances are much longer than the nearest-adult-neighbor distance, except for seed dispersal at Coweeta.
Figure 3.
Observed within-stand dispersal distances (dark) and minimum dispersal distances for immigrant seed and pollen (light).
Top – Distances between in-plot mother-seedling pairs (dark bars) and between seedlings with an out-of-plot mother and the nearest plot edge (light bars). Bottom – Distances between in-plot mother-father pairs (dark bars) and between mother trees paired with an out-of-plot father and the nearest plot edge (light bars). The mean dispersal distance for both seed and pollen increases when out-of-plot parentage is considered.
Figure 4.
Within-stand mother-offspring distances as estimated by Bayesian model vs. nearest-parent distances as estimated by CERVUS.
The Bayesian model rejects many of the parent matches identified by ML approach, due to low seed production, the necessity of assuming high genotyping error, and/or the proximity of a seedling to the stand edge (and potential sources of immigrant seed). However, both models suggest higher seed movement at Duke Forest relative to Coweeta.
Table 3.
DISTANCE results.
Figure 5.
Spatial Genetic Structure results.
Correlation in genotype at different distance classes for large adults, small adults, and seedlings. Bars indicate bootstrapped 95% CI. If bars do not overlap zero, this indicates a significant correlation at that scale (indicated with asterixes).