Figure 1.
Taxonomic Diversity of Australian Sea Lion Gut Microbiome.
A: The Australian sea lion gut microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The following phyla were also present in the ASL gut microbiome but had <10 sequences and thus are not shown on the graph: Aquificae, Viridiplantae, Korarchaeota, Bacteriophage ROSA, Englenozoa, Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage phiJL-1, Plasmid PCD4, Plasmid pIP404, Environmental samples, ssRNA negative strand viruses. B: Firmicutes were in turn dominated by Clostridia and Bacilli.
Figure 2.
Metabolic Potential of Australian Sea Lion Gut Microbiome.
A: The metabolic potential of the Australian sea lion gut microbiome is dominated by clustering-based subsystems and carbohydrates. Protein metabolism and DNA metabolism are also highly represented. Sequences coding for prophage, secondary metabolism, macromolecular synthesis and dormancy and sporulation were also present but were represented by <10 sequences each and hence are not shown here. B: The metabolic potential of the clustering based subsystems in the Australian sea lion gut microbiome are dominated by clustering based subsystems, cell division and protein export. The following metabolic functions were also present but had <10 sequences and are not shown here: hypothetical associated with RecF, carotenoid biosynthesis, tricarboxylate transporter, probably organic hydroperoxide resistance related hypothetical, protein, pigment biosynthesis, related to N-acetylglucosamine utilization subsystem, TldD cluster, tRNA sulfuration, chemotaxis, response regulators, cluster of unknown function, DNA polymerase III episolon cluster, lipoprotein B cluster, putrescine/GABA utilization cluster, D-tyrosyl-tRNA (Tyr) deacylase (EC′3.1.-.-) cluster, metaylamine utilisation, putative GGDEF doman protein related to agglutinin secretion, and siderophore biosynthesis. C: The clustering-based subsystems were further dominated by clustering-based systems (hierarchical level 3), di- and oligosaccharides, central carbohydrate metabolism, monosaccharides.
Table 1.
Publically Available Metagenomes used for Comparison with the Australian Sea Lion Gut Microbiome. Number of hits determined with BLASTX E value of 10−5, no minimum base pair alignment length.
Figure 3.
Multi-Dimensional Scaling Plot Comparing Australian Sea Lion Microbiome Metabolic Potential with several other Gut, Seawater and Whale Fall Microbiomes.
Metabolic potential of the Australian sea lion gut microbiome is compared to publicly available seawater samples (Antarctic, North Pacific, South Pacific and Indian Oceans), gut microbiomes (human, fish, cow and chicken), and whale fall microbiomes from the MG-RAST server.
Figure 4.
Metabolic Subsystems Over-represented and Under-represented in the Australian Sea Lion Faecal Microbiome compared to both Human A and Fish A Gut Microbiomes.
A: The metabolic subsystems that are over-represented in the Australian sea lion faecal microbiome compared to Human A and Fish A gut microbiomes. B: The metabolic subsystems that are under-represented in the Australian sea lion faecal microbiome compared to Human A and Fish A gut microbiomes.
Figure 5.
Metabolic Subsystems Over-represented and Under-represented in the Australian Sea Lion Faecal Microbiome compared to two Antarctic Seawater Microbiomes.
A: The metabolic subsystems that are over-represented in the Australian sea lion faecal microbiome compared to two Antarctic seawater microbiomes. B: The metabolic subsystems that are under-represented in the Australian sea lion faecal microbiome compared to two Antarctic seawater microbiomes.