Figure 1.
Collection sites and environmental conditions.
Collection sites for Cellana toreuma and summer ocean currents along the China coast. CCC, China Coastal Current; YSWC, Yellow Sea Warm Current; TWC, Taiwan Warm Current [55]. The shaded area represents the estimated land area during the LGM [45]. Inset: Sea surface salinity in Yangtze River Estuary in summer [55].
Table 1.
Collection sites, sample size, allocated geographic group and summary of molecular diversity for Cellana toreuma collected along the coast of China.
Table 2.
Measures of genetic diversity and divergence for 15 population and three groups based on haplotype frequencies using CONTRIB 1.02 (see Table 1 for site and group abbreviations).
Figure 2.
Haplotype frequencies of COI mtDNA.
Haplotype frequencies of partial COI mtDNA from 15 populations of Cellana toreuma. In each circle, blue and red represent the proportions of H1 and H2, respectively. Inset: Neighbour-joining tree of partial COI mtDNA of the three groups (see Table 1 for population code).
Table 3.
Pairwise genetic distances between populations of Cellana toreuma separated into the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea groups along the China coast1.
Table 4.
Analysis of molecular variation for samples of Cellana toreuma along the China coast to investigate genetic differences in different levels.
Figure 3.
Relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance.
(A) Relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance for all populations; (B) Relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance for populations from the East China Sea and South China Sea groups.
Figure 4.
Observed pairwise differences and expected mismatch distribution.
Observed pairwise differences (bars) and the expected mismatch distributions (line) under the sudden expansion model of COI gene. (A) in all samples, (B) in Yellow Sea group, (C) in East China Sea group and (D) in South China Sea group.
Table 5.
Tajima's D and Fu's Fs, and corresponding P values, and mismatch distribution parameters for 15 populations of Cellana toreuma and their associated groups along the China coast (see Table 1 for site and group abbreviations).