Figure 1.
Ascent profile of subjects to the Capanna Margherita (4559 m).
Symbols indicate times of measurements performed at high altitude: ‡OCT; §Microperimetry; †BCVA; OCT = optical coherence tomography; BCVA = best corrected visual acuity.
Figure 2.
Protocols used to analyze central retinal structure and function in one subject at baseline (BL1).
A) Pseudo-colored heatmap diagram indicates total retinal thickness (μm) in a 25×30° volume OCT scan centered on the fovea (color coding scale at bottom). B) Pseudo-colored retinal sensitivity (dB) results in 68 loci within the central 20° projected on the infrared fundus image after co-registration (color coding scale at bottom). C) Multimodal mapping approach of structural/functional data and its analysis in nine distinct ETDRS subfields (dimensions indicated below).
Table 1.
Overview of acute mountain sickness (AMS) related parameters.
Figure 3.
Structural changes at the posterior pole during acute exposure to high altitude in healthy subjects.
A–I) Intraindividual changes (expressed as differences: baseline-altitude) of total retinal thickness within ETDRS subfields show decreased total retinal thickness (TRT) in the foveal and inner subfields and an increased TRT in outer subfields. Red dashed lines indicate BL1 level; center of diamonds represent mean, top and bottom horizontal lines indicate the 95% confidence interval, whiskers indicate standard error and horizontal lines display standard deviation; n = 13.
Table 2.
Changes (intra-individual differences) of total retinal thickness (TRT) in all ETDRS subfields at all time-points.
Figure 4.
Functional changes at the retinal center during acute exposure to high altitude in healthy subjects.
A) Intraindividual changes (expressed as differences: baseline-altitude) of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA in logMAR) and B–J) retinal mean sensitivity (MS in dB) values for each ETDRS subfield show no significant changes except in the foveal subfield on day 3 but not on day 1. Red dashed lines indicate BL1 level; center of diamonds represent mean, top and bottom horizontal lines indicate the 95% confidence interval, whiskers indicate standard error and horizontal lines display standard deviation; n = 14.
Table 3.
Changes (intra-individual differences) of retinal mean sensitivity (MS) values in all ETDRS subfields at all time-points measured.
Table 4.
Changes (intra-individual differences) of BCVA values in all ETDRS subfields at all time-points measured.