Figure 1.
Flow chart of the consecutive COPD patients with acute hypercapnic exhacerbation enrolled in the study.
Table 1.
Patients demographics and clinical characteristics.
Table 2.
Patients main clinical and metabolic parameters, ABG analysis, lactate, serum electrolytes and urinalysis.
Figure 2.
Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for NIV use with respect to clinical parameters, ABG results and lactate and electrolyte values that were statistically significant.
NIV = noninvasive ventilation; ABG = arterial blood gases; RR = respiratory rate; P(A-a)O2 = alveolar–arterial PO2 gradient; sNa+ = serum sodium; sCl− = serum chloride.
Table 3.
Clinical parameters, ABG analysis and lactate values at different time during NIV.
Figure 3.
Acid-base balances in patients with hypercapnic COPD exacerbation.
Black lozenge: Respiratory acidosis. White square: Mixed respiratory acidosis–metabolic alkalosis; Black triangle: Mixed respiratory-metabolic acidosis.
Table 4.
Duration of NIV in groups of patients according to ABG analysis values.
Figure 4.
Trends over time in heart rate (panel A), respiratory rate (panel B), pH (panel C), PaO2 (panel D), PaCO2 (panel E) and blood lactate (panel F) during NIV.
* p<0.0125, Mann-Whitney U test between groups with Bonferroni correction. NIV = noninvasive ventilation.