Figure 1.
Means and standard errors of parasites biomass (a) and the deleterious effect of parasites (b) on exotic, invasive species and native, non-invasive species.
F-values and significance levels of one-way ANOVA represent the effect of the origin of the species (invasive or native) on the parasites biomass and the deleterious effect of parasites on hosts (***p<0.001;**p<0.01; * p<0.05).
Figure 2.
Growth rate and resource use efficiency of exotic, invasive and native, non-invasive plants and the corresponding parasitism responses.
Means and standard errors of relative growth rate (RGR) (a), specific leaf area (SLA) (c), specific fine root length (SFRL) (e) and specific fine root surface area (SFRSA) (g) of invasive (filled circles) and native (open circles) species. Mean and standard errors of the parasitism response of RGR (b), SLA (d), SFRL (f) and SFRSA (h) of congeneric invasive and native species. A line indicates that there was no significant difference between the parasitism response of the traits of exotic, invasive species and native, non-invasive species. Points above or below the line show species-by-treatment combinations in which the trait of the exotic, invasive species was higher or lower than that of the native, non-invasive species.
Table 1.
F-values and significance levels of three-way nested ANOVAs of the relative growth rate (RGR) and the resources availability of host plants with fixed factors parasitism (present or absent) and origin (invasive or native), and random factor species pairs (nested with origin).
Figure 3.
Correlation between the deleterious effect of parasites on hosts and the relative growth rate (RGR) of host with parasite (a) and without parasite (b), parasitism response of RGR of hosts (c).
Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and p-values are given and values in bold are statistically significant at p<0.05.
Figure 4.
Correlation between the deleterious effect of parasites on hosts and the specific leaf area (SLA) (a), specific fine root length (SFRL) (b) and specific fine root surface area (SFRSA) (c) of hosts without parasites; SLA(d), SFRL(e) and SFRSA(f) of hosts with parasites; parasitism response of SLA(g), SFRL(h) and SFRSA(i) of hosts.
Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and p-values are given and values in bold are statistically significant at p<0.05.