Table 1.
Morphological data used as source matrices for supertree reconstruction.
Table 2.
Phylogenetic signal of IUCN Red List categories and traits of reef corals.
Figure 1.
Supertree of Scleractinia with corallimorph outgroups Discosoma and Ricordea florida.
Cladogram of 1293 corals inferred by maximum parsimony analysis of the 792-character dataset assembled using 15 source trees (13 morphological, one molecular and one taxonomic). Complex and robust clades shown in Figures 2 and 3 respectively. GAR: Gardineriidae, MIC: Micrabaciidae.
Figure 2.
Cladogram of scleractinian corals in the complex clade.
A total of 735 corals, including 462 reef species, are represented on this maximum parsimony cladogram that is part of the scleractinian supertree (Figure 1). Roman numerals denote clades based on the phylogeny in Fukami et al. [42]. ACR: Acroporidae, AGA: Agariciidae, AST: Astrocoeniidae, CAR: Caryophylliidae, DEN: Dendrophylliidae, EUP: Euphylliidae, FLA: Flabellidae, FUA: Fungiacyathidae, GUY: Guyniidae, MEA: Meandrinidae, OCU: Oculinidae, POR: Poritidae, SID: Siderastreidae, TUR: Turbinoliidae.
Figure 3.
Cladogram of scleractinian corals in the robust clade.
A total of 552 corals, including 375 reef species, are represented on this maximum parsimony cladogram that is part of the scleractinian supertree (Figure 1). Roman numerals denote clades based on the phylogeny in Fukami et al. [42]. ANT: Anthemiphyllidae, AST: Astrocoeniidae, CAR: Caryophylliidae, EUP: Euphylliidae, FAV: Faviidae, FUN: Fungiidae, MEA: Meandrinidae, MER: Merulinidae, MUS: Mussidae, OCU: Oculinidae, PEC: Pectiniidae, POC: Pocilloporidae, RHI: Rhizangiidae, SID: Siderastreidae, STE: Stenocyathidae, TRC: Trachyphylliidae.
Figure 4.
Top 30 reef corals ranked according to EDGE scores.
List of corals representing high evolutionary distinctiveness and extinction risk. Left panel shows the EDGE score for each species. Global mean score for all 837 reef corals denoted by vertical line through bars, which are coloured to indicate respective geographic ranges. Error bars represent standard deviation. Middle panel shows pre-1998 and present IUCN Red List categories, as well as ranks according to the EDGE of Existence (EoE) programme. Right panel shows pre-1998 and present rates of global population reduction. IUCN Red List and population reduction data derived from Carpenter et al. [11].
Figure 5.
Cladogram of reef corals illustrating phylogenetic signal of traits.
This tree represents the first of 1000 random resolutions of the strict consensus supertree. Vertical bars illustrate, in red, degrees of clumping among species classified as Vulnerable (VU) and above, susceptible and/or resistant to specific threats, and those recovering quickly from bleaching and disease. Taxa absent for the above traits are in blue. Data Deficient (DD) species, which are not phylogenetically clumped, are in black.
Figure 6.
Species' source tree representation and abundances show limited effect on phylogenetic signal strength.
Measure of phylogenetic signal based on K for probability of extinction (K = 0 for random continuous traits) and D for all other traits (D = 0 for clumped and D = 1 for random binary traits). Upper and lower panels show levels of phylogenetic signal for datasets with varying degrees of source tree representation and abundance respectively. Error bars represent standard deviation. Means not significantly different from zero or one are enclosed by boxes with those values.