Figure 1.
Nine representative flower colors, ‘Ai Ji Bai’ (A), 18 (B), 27 (C), ‘Albert Greenberg’ (D), 34 (E), ‘Eldorado’ (F), 37 (G), ‘Roxburgh’ (H), and ‘Tai Guo Wang’ (I), for water lily cultivars sampled from a natural population.
Table 1.
HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of anthocyanins in water lily petals as well as the characterization and tentative identification.
Figure 2.
The anthocyanin HPLC profiles of water lily petals (detected at 525 nm).
Figure 3.
The chemical structure scheme of flavonoids detected in petals of water lily.
Figure 4.
The HPLC profiles of glycosides of flavonol and chalcone in water lily petals (detected at 350 nm).
Figure 5.
Putative flavonoid biosynthesis pathway related to flower color of tropical water lily.
The red arrows indicate the biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanins, the dotted arrows indicate uncertain reaction. Cy: cyanidin; Dp: delphinidin; Qu: quercetin; Km: kaempferol; My: myricetin; Is: isorhamnetin; Ga: glactoside; G: glucoside; Rh: rhamnoside; CHS: chalcone synthase; CHI : chalcone isomerase, F3H: flavonoid 3-hydroxylase; F3′H: flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase; F3′5′H: flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase; DFR: dihydroflavonol reductase; FLS: flavonol synthase; ANS: anthocyanidin synthase; GT: flavonoid glycosyltransferase; AT: acyltransferase; MT: methyltransferase; CoA: acetyl coenzyme A.
Figure 6.
Flower color distribution of Tropical water lily cultivars in coordinate systems of bivariate (a* and b*) (A) and trivariate (a*, b*, and L*) (B), respectively.
The flower colors were identified by the RHSCC value.
Table 2.
Petal colors and color parameters of 35 cultivars of water lily.