Figure 1.
Study flow diagram.
Table 1.
Patient characteristics (n = 53).
Figure 2.
Spectrum of host response to mycobacterial infection in HIV-infected patients.
a. Miliary nodule in the liver with a small granuloma in a patient with disseminated disease (H&E stain) b. Abscess in the submucosal lymph nodes of the small bowel (H&E stain) c–d. TB vasculitis in a lung vessel. The arrow indicates acid-fast bacilli in the pulmonary blood vessels (H&E stain, 20× and ZN stain, 100×).
Figure 3.
Disseminated Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) in a patient who was on lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine for 8 months and was treated for KS for 3 months. a. Note vascular proliferation of KS invading cardiac muscle (H&E) b. Kaposi's associated Herpes virus detected in the pericardium (immunophenotyping using LANA1).
Figure 4.
a. Cytomegalovirus infection showing an “owl-eye” nuclear inclusion in an endothelial cell (H&E stain, arrow) b. Esophageal candidiasis showing yeast and pseudohyphae (PAS stain).
Table 2.
Causes of death and contributory findings according to HIV-serological status.
Table 3.
Dual infections among HIV-infected patients.
Figure 5.
Central nervous system infections.
a. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy due to JC-virus infection, showing viral inclusion (arrow) and loss of myelin (H&E stain) b–c. Cryptococcal meningitis, showing Cryptococcus neoformans with a polysaccharide capsule (H&E stain)(b) and multiple narrow-necked budding yeast (Grocott Methanamine Silver stain) (c) d–f. Streptococcal meningitis, showing the macroscopic image of the brain with edema and purulent exudate (d), the subarachnoid space expanded by neutrophils and fibrin (H&E stain) (e) and Gram positive diplococci (arrow) (Brown-Hopps tissue Gram stain) (f).