Figure 1.
A schematic presentation of BL13W-Line Station of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (A).
The synchrotron beam is monochromatized and penetrated the animal on the sample stage, then received by a CCD camera. A picture (B) illustrates four burr holes on the calvarium used to measure surface CBF with laser Doppler flowmetry. A schematic drawing of catheterization with major blood vessels labeled (C). A PE-10 tube is inserted into ECA and advanced upon to the bifurcation of ECA and ICA. A Cartoon (D) illustrates the circle of Willis in a rat brain. Dotted lines indicate the locations of brain cut. Sample A is prepared for ACA and sample B is prepared for MCA. ACA: anterior cerebral artery, BA: basilar artery, CCA: common carotid artery, ECA: external carotid artery, ICA: internal carotid artery, MCA: middle cerebral artery, OA: olfactory artery, PPA: pterygopalatine artery.
Figure 2.
Line graphs (A and B) show the changes of ICP within 60 minutes following operation in G1, G2, G3 and G4 groups.
Data are means±SD, n = 5 in each group. G1 group: cisterna magna saline injection. G2 group: prechiasmatic cistern saline injection. G3 group: cisterna magna blood injection. G4 group: prechiasmatic cistern blood injection. ICP: intracranial pressure, SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage. Line graphs (C and D) show the surface CBF changes following 7 days after operation. Data are means±SD, n = 8 in each group. *, p<0.05, G1 vs. G3, G2 vs. G4. CBF: cerebral blood flow. Line graphs (E and F) show the regional CBF (DUR) changes using isotope [125I]-IMP following 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after operation. Data are means±SD, n = 5 in each group. *, p<0.05, G1 vs G3, G2 vs G4. DUR: differential uptake ratio, [125I]-IMP: [125I]N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine.
Figure 3.
Bar graphs display the neurobehavioral scores of G1, G2, G3 and G4 groups at day 3 after operation.
Data are means±SD, n = 8 in each group. *, p<0.05, G1 vs G3, G2 vs G4.
Figure 4.
A representative SRA image of rat in control group (A).
SRA imaging (B) at day 1 (a, e), 3 (b, f), 5 (c, g) and 7 (d, h) following SAH in cisterna magna blood injection (a, b, c, d) and prechiasmatic cistern blood injection group (e, f, g, h). Arrows indicate the vasospastic MCA; arrowheads indicate the vasospastic ACA. Scale bar = 2 mm. Bar graphs (C and D) show the MCA and ACA diameter in G1, G2, G3 and G4 groups at each time point after operation. Data are mean±SD. n = 5 in each group. *, p<0.05, G1 vs. G3, G2 vs. G4, G3 vs. G4. Correlation maps (E and F) display positive correlations between MCA (E), ACA (F) diameter (measured in SRA images) and the specific surface CBF in control and SAH groups. n = 5 in each group.
Figure 5.
Photomicrographs (A) show HE staining of ACA (a, b, c) and MCA (d, e, f) following SAH in control (a, e), cisterna magna blood injection (b, e) and prechiasmatic cistern blood injection groups (c, f). Scale bar = 50 µm.
Macroscopic images of brain samples after saline perfusion and paraformaldehyde fixation (B). Brains are obtained from G1 (a), G2 (b), G3 (c) and G4 (d) groups, respectively. Arrows indicate the blood clot at the basal subarachnoid space. Scale bar = 2 cm. Bar graphs (C and D) summarize the MCA and ACA diameter in G1, G2, G3, and G4 groups at each time point after operation. Data are means±SD. n = 5 in each group. *, p<0.05, G1 vs. G3, G2 vs. G4. Three dimensional photomicrographs (E) show major cerebral arteries of the Circle of Willis in control (a) and SAH rats (b) using micro-XCT imaging technique.