Figure 1.
Actual wave forms of the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in controls and FGID children.
Upper lines are BAEPs with left ear stimulation, lower lines are BAEPs with right ear stimulation. Gray lines indicate recordings of left side, black lines show those of right side. Note remarkable and positive I, III, and V waves in ipsilateral recordings of stimulated sides, and vague wave forms in contralateral recordings of opposite sides. Note shorter latency of III wave in GI child compared with control.
Figure 2.
Peak latency of BAEP III wave in all children.
A: right ear, □open box: controls (n = 63), ▪shaded box: GI group (n = 69). B: left ear, □open box: controls (n = 62), ▪shaded box: GI group (n = 73). Values (msec) are given as median [interquartile range] (minimum-maximum). Asterisk (*) indicates significant difference versus controls at p = 0.032 in the right and p = 0.018 in the left.
Table 1.
Latency of I and V Waves of the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential.
Figure 3.
Peak latency of BAEP III wave in females and males.
A: female, right ear, □open box: controls (n = 27), ▪shaded box: GI group (n = 35), B: female, left ear, □open box: controls (n = 27), ▪shaded box: GI group (n = 37), C: male, right ear, □open box: controls (n = 36), ▪shaded box: GI group (n = 34), D: male, left ear, □open box: controls (n = 35), ▪shaded box: GI group (n = 36). Values (ms) are given as median [interquartile range] (minimum-maximum). Asterisk (*) indicates significant difference versus controls at p = 0.034. Solid triangle (▴) indicates tendentially but not significantly different from controls at p = 0.059.
Figure 4.
The care score and over-protection score of Parental Bonding Instrument in controls and FGID children.
A: maternal care, B: maternal overprotection, □open box: controls (n = 64), ▪shaded box: GI group (n = 75). Values (ms) are given as median [interquartile range] (minimum-maximum). Double asterisk (**) indicates significant difference versus controls at p = 0.010 (A). Asterisk (*) indicates significant difference versus controls at p = 0.024 (B).
Table 2.
Multiple regression analysis for total sample.