Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the control and the obesity study group.
Figure 1.
sFRP5 expression in human adipose tissue.
Immunohistochemistry for sFRP5 and hematoxylin staining of human subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies. One representative example of n = 5 lean control subjects. Left panel: haematoxylin staining, right panel: immunohistochemistry for sFRP5. The reddish colour represents a positive result for expression.
Figure 2.
wnt5a and sFRP5 serum concentrations in lean control subjects and patients with obesity.
Serum samples were taken after an overnight fast and wnt5a and sFRP5 serum concentrations were measured by ELISA. Shown are means±SEM for n = 12 lean control subjects and n = 23 patients with obesity. In order to test for statistical significance, student's t-test was used, ns = not significant.
Figure 3.
Anthropometric measurements before, during (1 month) and after 3 months of caloric restriction: Body composition was estimated by impedance analysis.
Shown are means±SEM of n = 23 obese human subjects during a VLCD. Statistical significance was tested by student's t-test, ns = not significant.
Figure 4.
(A+B) Insulin resistance before, during (1 month) and after 3 month of caloric restriction: In the present study insulin resistance was measured by the HOMA-IR index (A) and the leptin-to-adiponectin ration (LAR) (B) since the later parameter has been shown to be closely correlated to measures of insulin resistance by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiments [16].
Data are given as means±SEM of n = 23 obese human subjects during a VLCD. Significance was tested by student's t-test. (C) sFRP serum concentrations before, during (1 month) and after 3 months of caloric restriction: sFRP5 serum concentrations were determined before (0 month), during (1 month) and after (3 months) of a VLCD. In this figure the levels are shown as fold increase compared to 0 month. The raw data are given in table 2. Shown are means±SEM of n = 23 obese human subjects during a VLCD. t-test was used to test for statistical significance.
Table 2.
Adipokine, wnt5a and sFRP5 serum concentrations before, during (1 month) and after 3 months of caloric restriction.