Figure 1.
Distribution of members of the family Bythograeidae.
Black circles = known vent sites with crabs. Open circles = vent sites that do not have crabs, but are referred to in text. Latitudinal range for each species indicated in parenthesis.
Table 1.
Bythograeidae samples used in this study.
Table 2.
Number of included and excluded characters for the phylogenetic analyses of Bythograeidae.
Figure 2.
Phylogenetic relationships among members of Bythograeidae based on the concatenated analyses of six genes.
Tree was rooted at the branch joining the two divergent clades (Bythograea and GAASC). Branch lengths are approximate. Bold-faced taxon labels indicate the taxa for which all six genes were obtained and included in the concatenated, species tree, and BCA analyses. The range of support values for concatenated Bayesian, GARLI, and RaxML methods (top to bottom, respectively) are depicted next to the corresponding node (support values for concatenated, species tree, and BCA analyses are shown in Table S4). Asterisks denote nodes receiving 100% support for all concatenated methods. EP = Eastern Pacific (includes: EPR = Eastern Pacific Rise; GAR = Galapagos Rift; and PAR = Pacific Antarctic Ridge). MAR = Mid-Atlantic Ridge; WP = Western Pacific; CIR = Central Indian Ridge.
Figure 3.
Possible biogeographic scenarios for the three alternative relationships among bythograeid genera.
These scenarios take into account the phylogenetic uncertainty in the GAASC clade for the relationships among Cyanagraea, Segonzacia, and (Allograea+Gandalfus+Austinograea). Bars on nodes depict inferred geographic region shifts if ancestor of Bythograeidae was in the Eastern Pacific (EP; white bars) or in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR; black bars). Alternative equally parsimonious reconstructions exist in some cases, but are not shown for simplicity. Inferred shifts if ancestor was in Western Pacific (WP) or Central Indian Ridge (CIR) are not depicted, but they would require the largest number of shifts in any of the three topologies.
Table 3.
Morphological characters used by McLay (2007).