Figure 1.
Mean (+SE) lifespan of females that cared for larvae until they dispersed, either when widowed before hatching or when partners were present throughout the first brood.
Figure 2.
Mean (+SE) brood mass at dispersal at first breeding, in relation to the duration of maternal care.
Figure 3.
Mean (+SE) lifespan of experimentally widowed females in relation to the time spent caring for their first brood.
Figure 4.
Mean (+SE) brood mass at dispersal at subsequent breeding bout, in relation to the duration of maternal care at first breeding.