Table 1.
Litter size and litter weight at birth, individual birth weight of progeny, and cumulative body weight (BW) and back fat (BF) gain from insemination until 109 dpc of sows fed isoenergetic diets with low protein∶high carbohydrate (6.5% crude protein, LP), adequate protein∶carbohydrate (12.1% crude protein, AP), and high protein∶low carbohydrate (30% crude protein, HP) ratios throughout pregnancy (EXP1) (modified after [4]).
Table 2.
Basal plasma cholesterol concentrations of sows at 5 days before and 24, 66 and 108 days after insemination.
Table 3.
Basal plasma metabolite concentrations of sows at 5 days before and 24, 66 and 108 days after insemination.
Table 4.
Basal plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations as well as insulin ratios of sows at 5 days before and 24, 66 and 108 days after insemination.
Table 5.
Basal plasma IGF-I, progesterone, leptin and cortisol concentrations of sows at 5 days before and 24, 66 and 108 days after insemination.
Figure 1.
Diurnal plasma glucose and urea concentrations at 92 dpc.
Diurnal plasma metabolite concentrations of sows at 92 dpc fed isoenergetic diets with low protein∶high carbohydrate (LP; open triangles), adequate protein∶carbohydrate (AP; closed circles), and high protein∶low carbohydrate (HP; open squares) ratios throughout pregnancy. Values are depicted from one hour after feeding the morning meal (50% of the daily allowance at 07:00h) to the midday meal (13:00 h) until the next day one hour after morning meal (08:00 h). Panel A, glucose; panel B, urea; Values are least square means ± SE, n = 9 per group. Inserts depict P values for the main factors diet and time and interactions. a,b,c Within time points, values with different lower case letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) between diet groups.
Figure 2.
Diurnal plasma triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acid and total cholesterol concentrations at 92 dpc.
Diurnal plasma metabolite concentrations of sows at 92 dpc fed isoenergetic diets with low protein∶high carbohydrate (LP; open triangles), adequate protein∶carbohydrate (AP; closed circles), and high protein∶low carbohydrate (HP; open squares) ratios throughout pregnancy. Values are depicted from one hour after feeding the morning meal (50% of the daily allowance at 07:00h) to the midday meal (13:00 h) until the next day one hour after morning meal (08:00 h). Panel A, triacylglycerol; panel B, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA); panel C, total cholesterol. Values are least square means ± SE, n = 9 per group. Inserts depict P values for the main factors diet and time and interactions. a,b,c Within time points, values with different lower case letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) between diet groups. A,B Within diet AP, values with different upper case letters indicate differences (P<0.05) between time points. C,D Within diet HP, values with different upper case letters indicate differences (P<0.05) between time points. E,F Within diet LP, values with different upper case letters indicate differences (P<0.05) between time points.
Table 6.
Significant Pearson correlation coefficients within diets and day after insemination between plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations and sow BW, sow BF as well as pregnancy outcome (total litter weight at birth, LW).