Figure 1.
Identification of pulmonary vessels.
A) A representative PCLS after staining with haematoxylin and eosin. B) epithelium of an airway (AW) C) Pulmonary artery (PA): endothelium with typical wrinkled inner lining and thick media D) Pulmonary vein (PV): endothelium without wrinkled inner lining and thin media E) corresponding unstained PCLS.
Figure 2.
Responses of pulmonary arteries (PAs) to increasing dosages of adrenergic agents.
A-F) Pre-treatment concentrations were fixed. P<0.05 are considered as statistical significant and are indicated as followed p<0.05,
p<0.01 and
p<0.001.
Table 1.
Influence of various antagonists and inhibitors on the initial vessel area.
Figure 3.
Responses of pulmonary veins (PV) to adrenergic agents.
A) () isoproterenol (n = 5); (•) epinephrine (n = 6); (⧫) procaterol (n = 7); (
) norepinephrine (n = 6); B) (•) epinephrine (n = 6); (▪) prazosine (100 nM), epinephrine (n = 6); (
) ICI 118551 (100 nM), epinephrine (n = 5); (⋄) ICI 118551 (10 µM), epinephrine (n = 5); (
) procaterol, epinephrine (n = 4); C) (○) norepinephrine (n = 6); (□) prazosine (100 nM), norepinephrine (n = 3); (
) ICI 118551 (100 nM), norepinephrine (n = 9); (•) ICI 118551 (10 µM), norepinephrine (n = 6); (
) procaterol, norepinephrine (n = 4); D) (○) phenylephrine (n = 6); (
) A 61603 (n = 5), (□) ICI 118551 (100 nM), phenylephrine (n = 5). Asterics indicate different EC50.values of the various curves. P<0.05 are considered as statistical significant and are indicated as followed
p<0.05,
p<0.01 and
p<0.001.
Figure 4.
Responses of pulmonary arteries (PAs) and pulmonary veins (PVs) to vasopressin.
A) PA: (•) vasopressin (n = 6); () indomethacin (10 µM), vasopressin (n = 4); (▪) L-NAME (100 µM), vasopressin (n = 5) B) PV: (•) vasopressin (n = 5); (
) indomethacin (10 µM), vasopressin (n = 4); (▪) L-NAME (100 µM), vasopressin (n = 5); (
) SR 49059 (10 nM), vasopressin (n = 3). C) PV: (•) vasopressin (n = 5); (
) vasopressin, SNAP (n = 7). D) PV: vasopressin, SNAP (n = 7). B) Asterics indicate different EC50.values of the various curves. C–D) Statistics was performed using the Wilcoxon test. For all: P<0.05 are considered as statistical significant and are indicated as followed
p<0.05,
p<0.01 and
p<0.001.
Figure 5.
Responses of pulmonary arteries (PAs) and pulmonary veins (PVs) to L-NAME and SNAP.
A) (•) PV (n = 3); (○) PA (n = 3). B) (•) PV (n = 3); (○) PA (n = 3). Statistics was conducted using a linear mixed model analysis. P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons by the false discovery rate. P<0.05 are considered as statistical significant and indicated as followed p<0.05,
p<0.01 and
p<0.001.
Figure 6.
Responses of pulmonary arteries (PAs) and pulmonary veins (PVs) to angiotensin II.
A) PA: (•) angiotensin II (n = 6); () indomethacin (10 µM), angiotensin II (n = 5); (▪) L-NAME (100 µM), angiotensin II (n = 5) B) PV: (•) angiotensin II (n = 5); (▪) L-NAME (100 µM), angiotensin II (n = 5) C) PV: (•) angiotensin II (n = 5); (
) indomethacin (10 µM), angiotensin II (n = 5) D) PV: (•) angiotensin II (n = 5); (
) losartan (1 µM), angiotensin II (n = 3); (○) losartan (10 nM), angiotensin II (n = 3). Asterics indicate different EC50.values of the various curves. P<0.05 are considered as statistical significant and are indicated as followed
p<0.05,
p<0.01 and
p<0.001.
Table 2.
Overview of cardiovascular agents and their receptor-mediated vascular effects.