Table 1.
Total number of juvenile Cytisus shrubs in each plot and total cover (%) for each cover type (species, bare soil and litter).
Figure 1.
Juvenile Cytisus hot spots detected with local Gi* statistic in F. nigrescens or F. eskia grasslands.
Number of hot spots is given in brackets.
Figure 2.
Scale of pattern for each cover type in F. nigrescens or F. eskia grasslands.
Cover types: FesNig = Festuca nigrescens; FesEsk = Festuca eskia; CalVul = Calluna vulgaris; CarSp = Carex sp. (A = cover type absent in the plot; N = scale of pattern is non-significant below 5 m).
Figure 3.
Scales of positive and negative associations between juvenile Cytisus and each cover type in F. nigrescens or F. eskia grasslands.
Cover type: FesNig = Festuca nigrescens; FesEsk = Festuca eskia; CalVul = Calluna vulgaris; CarSp = Carex sp. (A = cover type absent in the plot; N = association is non-significant below 5 m). All the scales of association except those indicated (N) are significant (p<0.05) based on randomization tests used to build a null covariance model and the associated 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 4.
Scales of positive and negative associations between each cover type and a) short juvenile Cytisus (height<10 cm) and b) tall juvenile Cytisus (height>30 cm) in F. nigrescens or F. eskia grasslands.
Cover types: FesNig = Festuca nigrescens; FesEsk = Festuca eskia; CalVul = Calluna vulgaris; CarSp = Carex sp. (A = cover type absent in the plot; J = juvenile Cytisus with height>30 cm absent in the plot; N = association is non-significant below 5 m). All the scales of association except those indicated (N) are significant (p<0.05) based on randomization tests used to build a null covariance model and the associated 95% confidence intervals.