Figure 1.
Relationship of bacterial and fungal NRPS A domains.
Majority-rule consensus tree from an unconstrained Bayesian analysis based on an amino acid alignment of the NRPS A domain. Support values represent maximum parsimony bootstrap ≥70% (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥0.70 (right). Taxon numbers in bold represent sequences obtained in this study.
Figure 2.
Constraints implemented for assessing topological conflict with unconstrained analyses of bacterial and fungal NRPSs and PKSs.
(A) Monophyly constraint of bacterial and fungal sequences as reciprocally monophyletic polytomies sister to the outgroup; (B) monophyly constraint of bacterial sequences, fungal sequences previously identified as having undergone HGT from bacteria, and hybrid NRPS/PKS fungal sequences as a monophyletic polytomy reciprocal to a monophyletic polytomy of all other fungal sequences that together are sister to the outgroup; (C) backbone constraint of a subset of bacterial and fungal sequences as monophyletic polytomies sister to the outgroup.
Table 1.
Tree statistics (tree length, consistency- and retention indices) for phylograms obtained from constrained and unconstrained maximum parsimony analyses, and results of statistical comparison of constrained vs. unconstrained topologies (asterisks indicate significant differences given alpha = 0.05).
Figure 3.
Relationship of bacterial and fungal PKS KS domains.
Majority-rule consensus tree from an unconstrained Bayesian analysis based on an amino acid alignment of the PKS KS domain. Support values represent maximum parsimony bootstrap ≥70% (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥0.70 (right). Taxon numbers in bold represent sequences obtained in this study.
Figure 4.
Proposed protein domain organization of NRPS7/PKS24.
(A) Co. heterostrophus; (B) homolog in A. niger; (C) homolog in Ch. globosum. Adenylation (A), thiolation (T), ketoacyl synthase (KS), acyl transferase (AT), ketoreductase (KR), phosphopantetheine (PP), and dehydrogenase (D) are indicated as boxes.
Table 2.
PCR primers designed for this study, annealing temperature, and fragment length.