Figure 1.
Settlement and post-settlement survival of Tripneustes gratilla induced to settle using natural biofilm in a commercial scale trial.
(A) Location of newly settled sea urchins at first census. Letters denote statistical differences (PERMANOVA, post-hoc pair-wise test). (B) Survival to 31 days. Data are means ± SE.
Figure 2.
The effect of temperature on settlement and post-settlement survival of Tripneustes gratilla in a small scale laboratory trial.
(A) Settlement and post-settlement spine development. Letters denote significant differences (PERMANOVA, post-hoc pair-wise test). (B) Survival to 24 days. * denotes significant difference between treatments (PERMANOVA, post-hoc pair-wise test). Data are means ± SE.
Table 1.
Repeated measures PERMANOVA examining survival of Tripneustes gratilla at 6 time points to 24 days at five different temperatures.
Figure 3.
The settlement of Tripneustes gratilla to macroalgae, macroalgae-conditioned seawater, a mono-specific diatom and natural biofilm.
The full species names are presented in the text. CS = Conditioned Seawater, ASW = Autoclaved Seawater. Data are means ± SE. Bars denote statistical differences (PERMANOVA, post-hoc pair-wise test).
Figure 4.
The settlement of Tripneustes gratilla to mixed consortia, single strains and supernatants of bacteria isolated from macroalgae, biofilms and adult conspecifics.
The full species names are presented in the text. ASW = Autoclaved Seawater. Data are means ± SE. Bars denote statistical differences (PERMANOVA, post-hoc pair-wise test).
Figure 5.
The effect of (A) culture medium, (B) culture age and (C) presence of macroalgae on induction of settlement of Tripneustes gratilla by mixed consortiums of bacteria.
The full species names are presented in the text. MBA = Marine Broth/Agar surface medium, MB = Marine Broth in ASW liquid medium, ASW = Autoclaved Seawater. X-axis percentages denote concentration of Marine Broth in the culture medium. Bars denote statistical differences between treatments (PERMANOVA, post-hoc pair-wise test). Data are means ± SE.
Figure 6.
The effect of Sargassum linearifolium conditioned seawater in combination with natural biofilm settlement plates on settlement and post-settlement survival of Tripneustes gratilla in a commercial scale trial.
(A) Location of settlement. Letters denote statistical differences (PERMANOVA, post-hoc pair-wise test). (B) Survival to 46 days. Control = natural biofilm plates, Biofilm + Conditioned Seawater = natural biofilm plates and S. linearifolium conditioned seawater. * denotes significant difference between treatments (PERMANOVA, P<0.05), NS = not significant. Data are means ± SE.
Table 2.
PERMANOVA analysis of settlement of Tripneustes gratilla to Sargassum linearifolium conditioned seawater after 96 hours.
Table 3.
PERMANOVA repeated measures analysis examining survival of Tripneustes gratilla at day 18, 25 and 46 after settlement to natural biofilm plates and Sargassum linearifolium conditioned seawater.