Figure 1.
Distribution map of the genus Aphistogoniulus.
New species described are already added. New locality information given in Supporting Information S1. Boxes surround localities from which DNA could be extracted from specimens.
Table 1.
Species included in the morphological character matrix, with their collection codes and depository.
Table 2.
Morphological Character matrix.
Table 3.
Newly sequenced species, Museum voucher and GenBank access codes.
Figure 2.
Phylogeny and Biogeography of Aphistogoniulus.
Shortest tree found with Branch & Bound method. Numbers above branches refer to the bootstrap support of the node. Symbols behind species names match those of the distribution maps. Color of branches refers to the longitudinal distribution of the species, with red referring to northern, green to central and dark blue to southern distribution. Pink branches highlight the mountain clade.
Figure 3.
Maximum parsimony (MP) tree based on the combined (16S+CO1+18S) dataset (3033 bp, 455 parsimony-informative characters).
Shortest tree found with Branch & Bound method. Numbers above nodes indicate statistical support based on MP bootstraps >50% of the combined analysis, below nodes of the 16S/18S/Co1 single gene analysis. Gaps (−) refer to bootstrap support <50%, ? to missing species (and therefore nodes) in the single gene analysis. Color photographs (above to below) show Colossobolus sp. (Arne Hartig), Aphistogoniulus cowani (Arne Hartig), A. infernalis (K. Schütte). Color of branches refers to the longitudinal distribution of the species, with red referring to northern, green to central and dark blue to southern distribution.
Figure 4.
Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on the combined (16S+CO1+18S) dataset (3033 bp).
Figure 5.
Graphical results of the ancestral habitats for the given molecular phylogeny of Aphistogoniulus using RASP.
Pie charts at internal nodes show calculated probabilities of alternative ancestral habitats (detailed information are given in Supplementary Information S8; see also material and methods). Habitat color code: seasonal dry forest (A) = white, montane rainforest (B) = dark blue, lowland rainforest (C) = light green, mid elevation rain forests (D) = dark green, mixture of B and C = red, and a mixture of C and D = orange. Black sections indicate habitats with probabilities <5%. Numbers at nodes indicate estimated p values.
Figure 6.
Phylogeny of the Aphistogoniulus diabolicus clade with schematic drawing of the disc of the posterior gonopod (modified leg podomere used in sperm transfer), anterior view.
For species marked with an asterisk, no sequence data was available.
Figure 7.
Aphistogoniulus rubrodorsalis n. sp., holotype (FMNH-INS 7914) A: anterior gonopods, anterior view; B: right posterior gonopod, anterior view; C: anterior gonopods, posterior view; D: right posterior gonopod, posterior view.
Abbreviations: app = appendage; bb = basal branch; cp = coxite process; Cx = coxite; mb = main branch; mfr = membranous fringe; rp = retrorse process of appendage; St = sternite; t = telopodite. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 8.
Aphistogoniulus jeekeli n. sp., holotype (CASENT 9032790) A: anterior gonopods, oral view; B: left posterior gonopod, oral view; C: anterior gonopods, anal view; D: left posterior gonopod, anal view.
Abbreviations: app = appendage; bb = basal branch; cp = coxite process; Cx = coxite; mb = main branch; mfr = membranous fringe; rp = retrorse process of appendage; St = sternite; t = telopodite; ml = mesal lobe. Scale bars = 1 mm.