Figure 1.
BIS, bispectral index; VAS, verbal analogue scale.
Figure 2.
The mean lowest oxygen saturation and blood pressure in both groups.
Boxes represent median and inter-quartile range; whiskers represent range. BIS, bispectral index; SpO2, oxyhemoglobin saturation; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
Table 1.
Bronchoscopy and sedative outcomes.
Table 2.
Univariate and logistic regression analysis of factors associated with hypoxemia or hypotension in patients under BIS-guided propofol sedation.
Figure 3.
Patient cooperation was accessed by procedural interference during bronchoscopy (A) and patient tolerance of procedure-related symptoms and global tolerance during bronchoscopy was accessed by verbal analogue scale (VAS) (B).
A: Interference by patient movement: The bronchoscopist had to temporarily pause the procedure and the assistants had to restrain the patient. Interference by patient coughing: The bronchoscopist had to pause the procedure temporarily and additional xylocaine spray and/or alfentanil had to be administered to stop the coughing. *p<0.001 vs. clinically-judged midazolam; #p = 0.001 vs. clinically-judged midazolam. B: After recovery, patient tolerance was evaluated by VAS (0: no bother, 10: worst intolerable). Data are presented as accumulative percentage of VAS in each group. A lower VAS score indicates better tolerance.