Figure 1.
Consumption of the salamander Ambystoma talpoideum and the newt Notophthalmus viridescens in the laboratory.
Both species were synchronously offered to either (A) largemouth bass or (B) the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Statistical evaluation via a one-tailed exact McNemar test.
Figure 2.
Consumption of different N. viridescens body tissues when offered to bluegill in laboratory feeding assays.
Sample size (n) is below the bars for each paired assay. Letter designations above treatment bars indicate significant groupings via GLM ( = 8.241, P = 0.016, df = 2,46) followed by pairwise Fisher's exact tests with Holm's sequential Bonferroni correction.
Figure 3.
Consumption by juvenile bluegill of N. viridescens ontogeny in the laboratory.
(A) Newt eggs versus equal sized control pellets and (B) neonate salamander larvae of Ambystoma maculatum versus newt larvae. P-values by one-tailed exact McNemar tests.
Figure 4.
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the N. viridescens chemical extract when fed to bluegill in the laboratory.
P-values are from one-tailed Fisher's exact tests.
Figure 5.
Percent of TTX-containing food pellets eaten by bluegill over 6 d of repeated feedings.
Pellets were infused with different concentrations of TTX within the range found in newts from the field. P values are from likelihood ratio tests from a GLMM.