Figure 1.
Landmarks collected from μCT reconstructions of P0 mouse skulls.
Top: Left lateral view, superior endocranial view with vault removed and inferior view with mandible removed. Bottom: Wireframes used in Fig. 3 to display shape changes of the facial configuration of landmarks (blue) and the neurocranial configuration of landmarks (red). Codes and landmark definitions can be found in Table S1 and at our website http://getahead.psu.edu/LandmarkNewVersion/P0mouseskull_updated_applet.html.
Figure 2.
Scatterplots of PLS1 scores of the facial and the neurocranial skeleton using varying subsets of individuals.
A) PLS analysis including Apert syndrome mouse models and non-mutant littermates before adjusting for allometry; B) PLS analysis including Apert syndrome mouse models and non-mutant littermates after adjusting for allometry; C) PLS analysis of non-mutant littermates after adjusting for allometry; D) PLS analysis of mutant Apert syndrome mouse models after adjusting for allometry.
Table 1.
Results of PLS analyses.
Figure 3.
PLS analyses among each Apert syndrome mouse model and their non-mutant littermates after removing allometry.
A) Fgfr2+/S252W and non-mutant littermates; B) Fgfr2+/P253R and non-mutant littermates. Associated facial and neurocranial shape changes corresponding to the first pair of PLS1 axes show similar skull MI patterns between the two models. Orange wireframes display face and neurocranium shape changes associated with positive and negative values of PLS1 in comparison to mean shape PLS1 values (grey dashed wireframe). For anatomical correspondence see Fig. 1. Note that all landmarks cannot be seen from a single skull view and we chose to display the inferior view of the skull because main shape changes occur in the palate and the anterior aspect of the neurocranium.
Figure 4.
Comparison of MI within and between facial skeleton and neurocranium across Apert syndrome mouse models and non-mutant littermates.
Bar graphs with standard deviation error bars comparing the distribution of the integration index (EV, Eigenvalue variance standardized by group variance*105) within the face (white bars), within the neurocranium (dark grey bars) and between the face and the neurocranium (light grey bars).