Figure 1.
Experimental setup used in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 (bird's-eye view).
(1A) In Experiment 1 auditory stimuli were delivered via headphones. In the approach-distance condition the participant was required to walk towards the experimenter and in the stop-distance condition the experimenter walked towards the participant. (1B) In Experiment 2 in half of the conditions auditory stimuli were delivered via headphones and in the other half via loudspeakers. Experiment 2 only contained conditions with the stop-distance task. Music track and experiment gender were varied across trials.
Table 1.
Mean effects of the different music in mean valence and arousal emotional ratings (in a 9-point scale) tracks.
Figure 2.
(2A) Comfort distance ± SEM (cm) for the two different tasks (approach-distance, stop-distance), and for the three different sounds track types (positive, negative, no-music). * mark significance. (2B) Negative correlation between comfort distance in the conditions with positive emotion-inducing music and self-reported emotional valence when listening to this music during the stop-distance task and (2C) the approach-distance task.
Figure 3.
Comfort distance ± SEM (cm) for the two music rendering types (headphones, loudspeakers), and for the three different sounds track types (positive, negative, no-music). * marks significance.