Table 1.
Total antioxidant capacities of the strawberry cultivar on study.
Figure 1.
Hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of strawberry extracts.
Positive control (DMPO, H2O2 and FeSO4) signal amplitude was compared to those of the DMPO-OH adducts recorded in the presence of strawberry extracts. The decrease in the signal amplitude in the samples correlates with their radical scavenging activity. (A) Typical EPR spectrum of the OH• radical trapped with DMPO from the Fenton reaction (positive control), (B) typical EPR spectra obtained after the strawberry extract was added.
Figure 2.
Representative HPLC-DAD chromatograms recorded at 520 nm showing the anthocyanin profiles of the strawberry samples.
Adria, Alba and Sveva cultivars. Peaks: 1, (Epi)afzelechin-(4→8)Pg 3-glucoside; 2, Cy-3-glucoside; 3, Pg 3,5-diglucoside; 4, Pg 3-glucoside; 5, Pg 3-rutinoside; 6, Cy 3-malonylglucoside; 7, Pg 3-malonylglucoside; 8, Pg 3-acetylglucoside; 9, Pg 3-succinylglucoside or Pg 3-methylmalonylglucoside.
Table 2.
Retention time (Rt), wavelengths of maximum absorption in the visible region (λmax), mass spectral data, tentative identification and total anthocyanin content in the three strawberry cultivars in study.
Figure 3.
Protective effect of strawberry extracts on gastric injury in rats.
Representative rat stomachs exposed to absolute ethanol for one hour: (A) non-pretreated rats, (B) rats pretreated with 100 mg/kg of Quercetin. Rats pretreated with 40 mg/kg of strawberry crude extracts once per day for 10 days: (C) Adria extract, (D) Alba extract and (E) Sveva extract. The last administration of strawberry extract was 2 h before absolute ethanol administration that induced gastric lesions.
Figure 4.
Effect of intragastric pretreatment with the different strawberry extract and quercetin on the ulcer index induced by ethanol.
* Significant inhibition as compared to the value in the ethanol group (p<0.05).
Table 3.
Effect of strawberry extract given orally on gastric acid secretion in ratsa.
Figure 5.
Effect of intragastric pretreatment with the different strawberry extract and 100 mg/kg of quercetin on the malondialdehyde concentration (nmol/mg prot.) in gastric mucosa.
* Statistical significance (p<0.05) of difference in MDA concentrations in non-pretreated rats exposed to absolute ethanol (Ethanol) as compared to the control animals (control). ** Statistical significance (p<0.05) of difference in MDA concentrations in pretreated rats as compared to the non-pretreated rats exposed to ethanol (Ethanol).
Figure 6.
Effect of intragastric pretreatment with the different strawberry extract and quercetin on the superoxide dismutase activity (U/mg prot.) in gastric mucosa.
* Statistical significance (p<0.05) of difference in SOD activity in non-pretreated rats exposed to ethanol (Ethanol) as compared to the control animals (Control). ** Statistical significance (p<0.05) of difference in SOD activity in pretreated rats as compared to the non-pretreated rats exposed to absolute ethanol (Ethanol) group. ## Significant difference in relation to the Sveva cultivar (p<0.05).
Figure 7.
Effect of intragastric pretreatment with the different strawberry extract and 100 mg/kg of quercetin on the Cat activity (U/mg prot.) in gastric mucosa.
* Statistical significance (p<0.05) of difference in Cat activity in non-pretreated rats exposed to ethanol (Ethanol) as compared to the control animals (Control). ** Statistical significance (p<0.05) of difference in Cat activity in pretreated rats compared to the non-pretreated rats exposed to ethanol (Ethanol) group.