Table 1.
Discovery (N = 26) and validation (N = 26) sets.
Figure 1.
Volumetric brain tumor mapping of FLAIR, Necrosis, and Contrast Enhancement.
A 55 year old male patient with a right temporal GBM. (a) Axial FLAIR image demonstrates segmentation (in blue) of the region of FLAIR hyperintensity corresponding to the area of edema/tumor infiltration. Notice the segmented enhancement (yellow) and necrosis (orange) that has been segmented on the T1WI post- contrast. (b) The segmented edema/tumor infiltration (blue), enhancement (yellow) and necrosis (orange) are seen overlaid on a base post- contrast T1WI. (c) Axial post-contrast enhanced T1WI demonstrates the segmentation of the enhancement (yellow) and necrosis (orange).
Figure 2.
A 67 year old male patient with a right temporo-parieto-occipital GBM. The segmented edema/tumor infiltration (blue), enhancement (yellow) and necrosis (orange) are seen overlaid on a base post- contrast T1WI. These images demonstrate a patient with a GBM and a large amount of peritumoral FLAIR hyperintensity reflecting edema and tumor infiltration.
Figure 3.
A 59 year old female patient with a left frontal GBM. The segmented edema/tumor infiltration (blue), enhancement (yellow) and necrosis (orange) are seen overlaid on a base post- contrast T1WI. The images demonstrate a patient with a medium to large GBM with a relatively small amount of peritumoral FLAIR hyperintensity reflecting edema and tumor infiltration.
Figure 4.
(a) FLAIR vs. Contrast Enhancement and (b) FLAIR vs. Necrosis volumes.
Figure 5.
Ingenuity Pathway Analysis top network for mRNA.
Figure 6.
Ingenuity Pathway Analysis top network for microRNA.
Figure 7.
Top functional mRNA network for Cellular Movement/Invasion.
Table 2.
Top “Diseases and Cellular functions” for mRNA.
Table 3.
Top “Diseases and Cellular functions” for microRNA.
Figure 8.
Kaplan Meier curves for Periostin.
(a) days to death and (b) progression free survival. (c) Periostin expression levels across the two main GBM subtypes, Mesenchymal and Proneural. And (d) shows expression levels of miR-219 across the Mesenchymal and Proneural subtypes and in addition the inverse correlation (Rsq = 0.204) with Periostin.
Table 4.
Bioinformatically predicted gene-microRNA regulatory networks in high FLAIR signal GBMs.