Figure 1.
Flow diagram of the study.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants.1,2
Figure 2.
Changes in dietary intake during the 12-week intervention in the HealthyDiet (n = 36), Whole grain enriched diet (WGED) (n = 34) and Control (n = 35) groups.
Bars represent mean of absolute changes ± SD. Means without a common letter differ in mixed model comparison, FDR p<0.05.
Figure 3.
Bar charts of glucose metabolism parameters in each group before and after the intervention.
A) plasma 2 hour glucose, B) area under the curve (AUC) for glucose, C) Insulinogenic index (IGI) and D) Disposition index (DI) in OGTT. Values are means ± SEM, n = 37, 34 and 35 in the HealthyDiet, Whole grain enriched diet (WGED) and Control groups, respectively, except for IGI and DI, n = 36 before and n = 35 after the intervention in the HealthyDiet group, and n = 32 before and after the intervention in the WGED group.
Table 2.
Glucose and insulin parameters at baseline and after the 12-week intervention.1
Table 3.
Plasma fatty acids at baseline and after the 12-week intervention.1
Table 4.
Lipids that change significantly different between the groups after the 12-week intervention period.1
Figure 4.
Associations between glucose metabolism and plasma EPA and DHA content.
Changes in insulinogenic index (IGI) (A and B) and disposition index (DI) (C and D) during the intervention period (95% Confidence interval) according to quartiles of changes in plasma EPA (A and C) and DHA (B and D) content (%). * p<0.01 in Kruskal-Wallis test. All groups combined, n = 99. Ranges of changes in EPA quartiles: 1 = −2.3–0.4% units; 2 = −0.3−0.1% units; 3 = 0.1−0.6% units; 4 = 0.6−4.2% units, and in DHA quartiles: 1 = −2.4–0.6% units; 2 = −0.6–0.1% units; 3 = −0.04−0.7% units; 4 = 0.7−3.0% units.