Figure 1.
Collection sites of Potamotrygonid stingrays in the Amazon and La Plata river basins, South America.
Color shapes indicate approximate distributions of Rhinebothrium species. Details of field codes shown here are given in Table S1.
Figure 2.
Best-scoring ML tree (−lnL = 7193.942769) based on COI data from marine and freshwater rhinebothriids.
Numbers on internal branches denote nodal support as inferred by Bootstrap Proportions based on 5,000 replicates. *, indicates nodes recovered during phylogenetic analysis under parsimony. Numbers between square brackets in front of terminals represent total length in millimeters for those specimens measured. Scale indicates expected number of substitution per site.
Figure 3.
Line drawings of Rhinebothrium paratrygoni Rego & Dias, 1976 collected from the type locality.
A. Scolex of voucher (MZUSP 6214). B. Terminal mature proglottid of voucher (MZUSP 6214). Vas deferens is above cirrus sac. Arrow indicates location of section shown in Figure. 4. C. Whole worm of voucher (MZUSP 6260k), illustrated in 3 fragments, from left to right: Anterior, middle and posterior. Arrow indicates anterior most mature proglottid. Abbreviations: CS, Cirrus sac; DOC, Dorsal Osmoregulatory canal; MG, Mehlis' gland; O, Ovary; T, Testes; U, Uterus; V, Vitellaria; VA Vagina; VD, vas deferens; VS Vaginal sphincter; VOC, Ventral Osmoregulatory canal.
Figure 4.
Scanning electron micrographs of Rhinebothrium paratrygoni.
Scolex, Figures A–G. A. Scolex. B. Small letter indicates locations of details shown in B–C, E. Proximal surface of rim of bothridium. C. Proximal bothridial surface adjacent to bothridial rim. D. Proximal bothridial surface. E. Transverse septum on distal bothridial surface. F. Stalk surface. G. Strobila surface. Cirrus, Figures H–J. H. Free proglottid with everted cirrus. I. Everted cirrus. Small letter indicates location of detail shown in J. J. Coniform spinitriches and capilliform filitriches on distal portion of cirrus. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, 10 µm; C–G, 2 µm; H, 200 µm; I, 50 µm; J, 2 µm.
Figure 5.
Cross-section through mature proglottid of Rhinebothrium paratrygoni at level of ovarian isthmus.
Abbreviations: LM, Longitudinal muscles; MG, Mehlis' gland; O, Ovary; U, Uterus; V, Vitellaria; VA Vagina; VD, vas deferens.
Figure 6.
Scoleces of Rhinebothrium copianullum.
A. Scolex in which marginal longitudinal septa are visible, indicated with white arrowhead. B. Scolex in which marginal longitudinal septa are visible on the proximal bothridial surface, indicated by white arrowhead. White circle indicates position of marginal longitudinal septum on distal surface. Scale bar: A–B, 200 µm.
Figure 7.
Line drawings of Rhinebothrium brooksi n. sp.
A. Scolex of Holotype (MZUSP 6124). B. Terminal mature proglottid of Paratype (USNPC 104712). Arrows indicate locations of sections shown in Figure. 10. C. Anterior and posterior portions of whole worm (Paratype, MZUSP 6123). Arrow indicates anterior most mature proglottid. Abbreviations: CS, Cirrus sac; MG, Mehlis' gland; O, Ovary; T, Testes; U, Uterus; V, Vitellaria; VA Vagina; VD, vas deferens; VS Vaginal sphincter.
Figure 8.
Cross-section through mature proglottid of Rhinebothrium brooksi n. sp.
A. Section at level of testes. B. Section at level of ovarian isthmus. Abbreviations: LM, Longitudinal muscles; O, Ovary; SD Sperm duct; T, Testes; TVD, Transverse vitelline duct; U, Uterus; V, Vitellaria; VA Vagina.
Figure 9.
Scanning electron micrographs of Rhinebothrium brooksi n. sp.
Scolex, Figures A–I. Small letters indicate locations of details shown in B and G. A. Scolex. B. Proximal surface of rim of bothridium. Small letter indicates location of C. C. Proximal bothridial surface near bothridial rim. D. Proximal surface near anterior of bothridium. E. Cilium on proximal bothridial surface. F. Proximal surface near middle of bothridium. G. Transverse septum on distal bothridial surface. Small letter indicates location of H. H. Longitudinal septum. I. Stalk surface. Cirrus, Figures J–L. J. Free proglottid with everted cirrus. Small letters indicate location of K and L. K. Coniform spinithrix and capilliform filitriches on cirrus base. L. Coniform spinitriches and capilliform filitriches on distal portion of cirrus. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, 20 µm; C–F, 2 µm; G, 20 µm; H–I, 2 µm; J, 200 µm; K–L, 2 µm.
Figure 10.
Line drawings of Rhinebothrium fulbrighti n. sp.
A. Scolex of Holotype (MZUSP 6309c). B. Subterminal mature proglottid of Paratype (USNPC 104730). C. Terminal mature proglottid of Paratype (USNPC 104730). D. Anterior and posterior portions of whole worm (Holotype, MZUSP 6309c). Arrow indicates anterior most mature proglottid. Abbreviations: CS, Cirrus sac; MG, Mehlis' gland; O, Ovary; T, Testes; U, Uterus; V, Vitellaria; VA Vagina; VD, vas deferens.
Figure 11.
Scanning electron micrographs of Rhinebothrium fulbrighti n. sp.
Scolex, Figures A–I. Scolex. A. Scolex. Small letters indicate locations of details shown in B, D–E, G–H. B. Proximal surface of rim of bothridium. Small letter indicates location of details shown in C. C. Proximal bothridial surface near bothridial rim. D. Proximal bothridial surface. E. Transverse septum on distal bothridial surface. Small letter indicates location of detail shown in F. F. Transverse septum on distal bothridial surface. G. Stalk surface. H. Cephalic peduncle. I. Strobila surface. Cirrus, Figures J–L. J. Free proglottid with everted cirrus. K. Everted cirrus. Small letter indicates location of detail shown in L. L. Coniform spinitriches with ridges and filitriches on cirrus. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B, 10 µm; C–D, 2 µm; E, 20 µm; F–I, 2 µm; J, 100 µm; K, 20 µm; L, 2 µm.