Table 1.
Characteristics of the cohort and associations with HIV and placental malaria.
Figure 1.
Associations of antibodies measured with HIV and infant birth weight.
A) Values for both phagocytic antibodies (circles) and total IgG to CS2VSA (squares) were plotted according to the women's’ HIV status (HIV negative – full symbols; HIV positive – open symbols). Mann-Whitney rank sum tests were performed on HIV positive vs. negative women. *p = 0.010; n.s. ( p = 0.078). Univariate linear regression of total IgG to CS2VSA (B) and phagocytic antibodies (C) and infant birth weight. Both p-values are plotted. Only phagocytic antibodies correlated with infant birth weight (r2 = 0.025, p = 0.034).
Figure 2.
Effect of HIV on the anti-CS2VSA antibody levels in the ‘No Malaria’ histopathology group.
In a univariate analysis of women that showed no evidence of either peripheral or placental malaria infection, using Mann-Whitney ranksum tests, phagocytic antibodies (A) are shown to be significantly decreased by HIV infection (z = −2.17, p = 0.03). On the contrary total IgG to CS2VSA (B) shows a non-significant decrease in the HIV-positive group (z = −1.35, p = 0.179. Box, median and interquartile range; whiskers, lowest and highest values. P values are shown.