Table 1.
Demographic details of HIV gag PCR positive participants.
Figure 1.
ML Phylogenetic tree of HIV-1 A Pakistani strains.
ML trees where obtained with the ML method using the best fitting nucleotide substitution model. Branch lengths are scaled in nucleotide substitutions per site according to the bar at the bottom of each tree. Each tree includes the newly sequenced strains from Pakistan as well as reference strains from the HIV databases. Branches in each tree are colored according to the color legend in the figure. Pakistani sequences were labeled according to risk behavior as follows: M = male having sex with male (MSM), MS = spouses with infected partner, MC = MSM children with infected parent(s) and M-IDU = MSM who were injecting drug users. Reference strains were labeled using the HIV databases ID, which include a two letter code indicating the country of origin (http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/).
Figure 2.
Phylogenetic analysis of HIV transmission between IDUs, MSM, and MSM families.
The studied population sequences were compared to the IDU sequences obtained from a previous study, which are highlighted in black. The 47 strains from MSM and M-IDU (highlighted) are shown in blue, 15 MSM spouses (MS-) are shown in green and 14 MSM children (MC-) are shown in red. Members of each family are assigned by similar digit label following the letter prefix. The numbers along the monophyletic branches correspond to bootstrap values. Branch lengths in nucleotide substitutions per site were scaled according to the bar at the bottom of the tree.