Table 1.
Primer sequences used for qPCR analysis.
Figure 1.
Feeding choices of Phenacoccus solenopsis females to JA-treated (A), SA-treated (B), or mealybug-infested leaves (C), when undamaged leaves (Control) were offered as alternative.
Bars represent the mean number (± SE) of mealybugs choosing either of the plants. Asterisks represent significant differences from control plants as determined by replicated G test of goodness-of-fit (* P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001; n.s. = not significant).
Table 2.
Concentration (ng·g FW−1·h−1) of volatile compounds detected in the headspace of cotton plants after different treatments.
Figure 2.
Principal component analysis (PCA) of volatile pattern of plants from different treatments.
Control group, undamaged plants; Mealybug Group, plants infested with 50 of mix-aged P. solenopsis; JA Group, jasmonic acid-treated plants; SA Group, salicylic acid-treated plants. First and second principal component plotted against each other. Percentage variation explained between brackets.
Figure 3.
Performance of Phenacoccus solenopsis females reared on cotton plants from different treatments.
Bars indicate means ± SE; different letters indicate significant differences in the quantities between different treatments (Fisher's PLSD test of ANOVA, P<0.05). Control, undamaged plants; JA, plants sprayed with 1 mM JA solution; SA, plants sprayed with 1 mM SA solution; Mealybug, plants pre-infested with 50 of mix-aged P. solenopsis.
Figure 4.
Gossypol concentration in leaves of cotton plants from different treatments.
Bars indicate means ± SE of three biological replicates; significant differences among different treatments are indicated by letters on each bar. Control, undamaged plants; JA, plants sprayed with 1 mM JA solution; SA, plants sprayed with 1 mM SA solution; Mealybug, plants pre-infested with 50 of mix-aged P. solenopsis.
Figure 5.
Time-related changes in expression of GhLOX1 (A), β-1,3-glucanase (B), acidic chitinase (C) in response to mealybugs feeding in cotton.
The relative gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2−ΔΔCt method with GhACT4 as endogenous control gene. Values are shown as the mean (± SE) of three biological replicates. Asterisks represent significant differences from control plants as determined by Fisher's PLSD test of ANOVA (* P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001; n. s. = not significant).
Figure 6.
Time-related changes in expression of GhLOX1, β-1,3-glucanase, acidic chitinase in response to JA (A) or SA (B) treatment in cotton.
The relative gene expression was calculated using the comparative 2−ΔΔCt method with GhACT4 as endogenous control gene. Values are shown as the mean (± SE) of three biological replicates. Asterisks represent significant differences from control plants as determined by Fisher's PLSD test of ANOVA (* P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001; n. s. = not significant).