Figure 1.
Different pathways for biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass.
The current energy efficiency analysis focuses on the delivered biomass-to-wheel efficiency related with conversion, transportation and power train systems.
Figure 2.
The scheme of energy efficiency analysis for biomass-to-wheel efficiency calculation -- .
Table 1.
Biomass-to-fuel (BTF) efficiency through different biomass utilization pathways.
Table 2.
Distribution energy efficiency loss*.
Figure 3.
Scenarios of the production of fuels from biomass and their respective fuel power train systems.
Solid lines represent the scenarios that we analyzed; the dotted lines represent possible scenarios that we did not analyze.
Figure 4.
Comparison of biomass-to-fuel (BTF) efficiency in the biorefineries or power stations.
Figure 5.
Comparison of transport and distribution loss efficiency for different fuels.
Figure 6.
Comparison of fuel-to-wheel (FTW) efficiency for different powertrain systems.
Table 3.
Fuel-to-wheel (FTW) efficiency for different powertrains.
Figure 7.
Comparison of biomass-to-wheel (BTW) efficiency for different biomass utilization scenarios.