Figure 1.
a) Mean coefficients of variation (CV) of the IOIs (SD/mean IOI) for the five tempo conditions; b) Mean key velocity (tones' intensity) for the five tempo conditions. Error bars are SE of the Mean.
Figure 2.
Movement of Finger 1 (thumb) during one pianist's performance of the notated melody at Slow tempo.
Framed notes represent keypresses for Finger 1; vertical lines indicate the time at which the piano keys reached the bottom for each note in the melody. Highlighted regions underscore motion attack regions (dark gray areas) and keypress regions (light gray areas). Key height at rest was approximately 10 mm (+/− 0.5 mm).
Figure 3.
Movement amplitude and anticipation time for a portion of the finger height trajectory framed in Figure 2.
Figure 4.
Mean movement amplitude averaged across all fingers for the five tempo conditions.
Errors bars indicate standard errors. Key height at rest was approximately 10 mm (+/− 0.5 mm).
Figure 5.
Finger height and phase plane plots of velocity-acceleration trajectory for a pianist's Finger 1 (thumb) movement in the attack and keypress event region (see Figure 2).
Black filled circles mark the end of movement, corresponding to full key pressure.
Figure 6.
Mean velocity (panel a) and acceleration (panel b) trajectories for Finger 2 (index) in the attack event region for the 4 performers.
Brackets indicate the regions where the difference between performers reached significance (with p<.05, and p<.001 significance values). The x-axis is the normalized time in the attack event region: 1 refers to the keypress of the preceding note (i.e., beginning of the attack region) and 0 to time of occurrence of the actual keypress.
Figure 7.
Percent neural network classifications by actual and classified pianist, based on principal components of velocity-acceleration trajectories for all finger movements in the attack event region.
Stars indicate correct classifications or HITS (when the classified pianist corresponded to the actual pianist).
Figure 8.
Melodies used in the experiment.