Figure 1.
Ophthalmological findings from a patient with paraneoplastic retinopathy (PR) associated with lung cancer.
(A) Threshold of static visual field (Humphrey, 30-2 program) plotted on a gray scale showing severely decreased sensitivities within the central 30 degrees of the visual field. (B) Fundus photographs of the patient showing a nearly normal fundus. (C) Fluorescein angiograms showing periphlebitis of the retinal vessels (arrows). (D) Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT) image of a 9 mm horizontal scan of the retina of our patient. The retinal structure in each retinal layer is normal.
Figure 2.
The rod response was recorded with a blue light at an intensity of 5.2×10−3 cd-s/m2 after 30 minutes of dark-adaptation. The cone-rod mixed maximum response was elicited by a white flash at an intensity of 44.2 cd-s/m2. The oscillatory potentials were recorded with a white flash at an intensity of 44.2 cd-s/m2 using a band-pass filter of 50–1000 Hz. The cone response and a 30 Hz flicker response were elicited by a white stimulus of 4 cd-s/m2 and 0.9 cd-s/m2, respectively, on a blue background of 30 cd/m2. Photopic long-flash ERG responses were also elicited by long-duration flashes of 100 ms using a densely-packed array of white LEDs of 200 cd/m2 on a white background of 30 cd/m2.
Figure 3.
Immunostaining and Western blot analysis of human TRPM1 using serum from the CAR patient.
(A–C) Immunoblots of the transfected cell lysates using an antibody against Flag tag (A), serum from CAR patient (B), and control serum (C). Arrowheads indicate the TRPM1-3xFlag protein bands. HEK293T cells were transfected with the pCAGGS or pCAGGS-human TRPM1-3xFlag plasmid, and cells were harvested after 48 hrs. β-actin (β-act) was used for a loading control. (D–G) Confocal images of a three-year-old rhesus monkey retina immunostained with the concentrated serum from the CAR patient (D, F) or the concentrated normal serum (E, G). Cell nuclei are visualized with DAPI. CAR patient serum presented signals on INL cells and the inner part of the OPL (D, F). Scale bar = 50 µm in (E) and 20 µm in (G).
Figure 4.
Western blot analysis of human TRPM1 using sera from the MAR patients.
(A, B) Immunoblots of the transfected cell lysates using sera from MAR patient #8 (A) and MAR patient #23 (B). HEK293T cells were transfected with pCAGGS or pCAGGS-human TRPM1-3xFlag plasmid, and cells were harvested after 48 hrs. Arrowheads indicate the TRPM1-3xFlag protein bands. β-actin (β-act) was used for a loading control.