Figure 1.
Sample recordings of straight (i.e., forward) punches (A) and side strikes (B) from quadrupedal (gray lines) and bipedal (black lines) posture.
Table 1.
Mean values and standard errors of work (J) done during striking downward and upward from “quadrupedal” and bipedal posture.
Table 2.
Mean values and standard errors of maximum force (N) delivered during side and forward strikes from “quadrupedal” and bipedal posture.
Table 3.
Mean values and standard errors of force impulse (Ns) delivered during side and forward strikes from “quadrupedal” and bipedal posture.
Table 4.
Mean values and standard errors of work (J) done from bipedal and quadrupedal posture when striking downward and upward.
Figure 2.
Illustrations of the pendulum transducer used to measure the energy imparted during maximum effort vertically directed strikes from (A) quadrupedal and (B) bipedal posture.
The starting posture of the subject and position of the transducer are shown in black. Body posture and the swing of the transducer after the strike are illustrated with grey.
Figure 3.
Sample recording of the energy delivered in maximum effort downward and upward directed strikes.
Contact with the transducer was made at time zero. The force of the strike caused the pendulum to swing upward. Maximum potential energy occurred at the peak of the curve. Maximum kinetic energy occurred as the pendulum swung back to the bottom of its arch at 0 radians. To calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the pendulum, the angular velocity (ω) of the pendulum was measured as it swung through the bottom of its arc, over an angular displacement of +0.20 to −0.20 radians, indicated by the horizontal grey lines.