Figure 1.
Daily energy expenditures of primiparous and multiparous grey seal females during lactation.
Absolute (A) and mass specific (B) daily mass, fat and protein loss and daily energy expenditure of primiparous (n = 15) and multiparous (n = 15) grey seal females between early and peak lactation. Values are means ± standard error, open circles are raw values.
Table 1.
Body mass and composition of primiparous and multiparous grey seal females at day 3 and day 12 postpartum.
Figure 2.
Proportion of energy stores mobilized by primiparous and multiparous females during lactation.
Proportion of initial mass, fat, protein and energy stores mobilized by primiparous (n = 15) and multiparous (n = 15) females between parturition and day 12 postpartum. Values are means ± standard error, open circles are raw values.
Figure 3.
Daily milk output and daily milk energy output of primiparous and multiparous grey seal females.
Absolute (A) and mass specific (B) daily milk output and daily milk energy output of primiparous (n = 15) and multiparous (n = 15) grey seal females between early and peak lactation. Values are means ± standard error, open circles are raw values.
Figure 4.
Relationship between maternal parturition mass and daily milk output and lactation length.
Relationship between maternal parturition mass and daily milk output (A) and lactation length (B) in primiparous (n = 15) and multiparous (n = 15) grey seal females.
Table 2.
Proximate composition of the milk of primiparous and multiparous grey seal females at early (day 3 postpartum) and peak (day 10–13 postpartum) lactation.
Table 3.
Body mass and composition of pups of primiparous and multiparous grey seal females at days 3 and 12 postpartum and at weaning.
Table 4.
Daily energy intake and deposition of pups of primiparous and multiparous grey seal females between early and peak lactation.