Table 1.
Populations analyzed in the present study.
Table 2.
mtDNA diversity in the Chad Basin.
Figure 1.
Map of the Lake Chad Basin showing frequencies of the main African hgs in the different ethnic groups analyzed.
Figure 2.
Phylogeny of African hgs at a medium level of phylogenetic resolution and (below branches) counts of these hgs for the different ethnic groups.
Bottom of the figure: population labels have in brackets the sample sizes; numbers below branches indicate the hg relative frequencies in each population group and in the total sample size (row “Total”); therefore, each row sums to 1. The counts for the maximum level of resolution are provided in Table S2; the full phylogenetic tree for the SNPs considered in the present study is provided in Cerezo et al. [22]. All positions in the tree refer to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS; [49]); all positions are transitions unless a letter indicates a transversion. Underlined positions are parallel mutations within this tree, while “!” indicates a back mutation. A deletion is indicated as “del”, while “+” indicates an insertion.
Table 3.
Apportioning of genetic variance considering different genomic regions (HVS-I, mtSNPs, and both in combination) and groups (populations, language families and geography).
Figure 3.
PC plot of ethnic relationships based on hg frequencies.
Percentage values in brackets refer to the amount of variation accounted by the first three principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3). Codes for populations are as indicated in Table 1. Nomadic populations are plotted in blue while sedentary ones are plotted in red.
Table 4.
Inter-population migration rates, population growth, and effective population sizes for the different ethnic groups from the Chad Basin.