Table 1.
Samples analyzed and microbiological parameters.
Figure 1.
Electron micrographs of bacteriophages present in sewage and river water.
A–B. Group of phages with Myoviridae and Siphoviridae morphology from sewage. C. Myoviridae phages from river water. D: group of Siphoviridae phages from sewage. E–F. Myoviridae phages from sewage. G: Podoviridae phage from sewage. H–I. Siphoviridae phages from sewage and river water respectively. Bar 200 nm.
Figure 2.
Number of copies of blaTEM genes (GC/ml) in urban sewage and river water samples in phage and bacterial DNA.
On the left side of the figure, bar chart of the gene copies detected for each sample, dark grey for phage DNA and light grey for bacterial DNA. On the right side of the figure, the box plot chart shows the averaged values obtained from all samples from the same origin. Within the box plot chart, the cross-pieces of each box plot represent (from top to bottom) maximum, upper-quartile, median (black bar), lower-quartile, and minimum values. Black diamond shows the mean value. The grey boxes in the box plot chart include samples showing values within the 75th percentile and white boxes samples showing values within the within the 25th percentile.
Figure 3.
Primers and TaqMan assay probe resulting from the alignment of blaCTX-M genes from Cluster 1.
Conserved nucleotides are marked in bold, non-conserved nucleotides in white. Sequence reverse and complementary is shown for lower primer. Right column indicate the GenBank accession number of each gene.
Figure 4.
Number of copies of blaCTX-M genes (GC/ml) in urban sewage and river water samples in phage and bacterial DNA and box plot of averaged values.
Figure 5.
Number of copies of mecA (GC/ml) in urban sewage and river water samples in phage and bacterial DNA and box plot of averaged values.
Table 2.
Transfection of phage DNA isolated from sewage in E. coli WG5 and C600 strains.
Table 3.
Oligonucleotides used in this study.