Figure 1.
Panel A shows a patient-specific anatomical model obtained from MRI data (two MRI image slides shown as intersection planes) including chest, lungs and the ventricles merged with the inverse calculated electroanatomic activation map (isochrones; color coded).
Panel B shows a butterfly plot of the 65-body surface ECG leads during native sinus rhythm (blue lines) and biventricular pacing (red lines). Panel C shows a root mean square (RMS) plot (sinus rhythm – blue line; biventricular pacing – red line; dotted lines indicate begin/end of the QRS complex).
Table 1.
MRI characteristics of control versus LBBB patients.
Figure 2.
Color-coded electroanatomic activation map of the right and left ventricle in a control patient (no structural heart disease) during A) intrinsic sinus rhythm (native) and B) right ventricular (RV) pacing.
Red color illustrates earliest activation, blue color illustrates area of late ventricular activation. Head icon indicates point of view.
Table 2.
Endocardial and epicardial left- and right-ventricular breakthroughs during different pacing modes.
Figure 3.
Color-coded electroanatomic activation map of the right and left ventricle in a CHF patient during A) intrinsic sinus rhythm (native), B) right ventricular (RV) and C) biventricular (biV) pacing.
Red color illustrates earliest activation, blue color illustrates area of late ventricular activation. Head icon indicates point of view.
Table 3.
Left- and right ventricular total activation duration during native rhythm and during right- and biventricular pacing.