Figure 1.
Schematic illustrating how interactions between flower size and number, pollination biology, pollen dispersal and fruit production might contribute to equalisation of fitness components among species of Dipterocarpaceae.
Figure 2.
Effects of calyx tube diameter (flower size, mm) on estimated flower and fruit production in 11 dipterocarp tree species.
Effects of calyx tube diameter on estimated (a) maximum per capita flower production, (b) maximum per capita flower production scaled to basal area and mean species tree height, (c) maximum per capita fruit production, (d) maximum per capita fruit production scaled to basal area and mean species tree height, (e) mean percentage of flower styles with pollen tubes and (f) mean number of pollen tubes per pollinated flower for four canopy (open symbols) and seven emergent (closed symbols) dipterocarp species growing in Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sabah. Maximum flower and fruit production were estimated from the mean of the upper quartile of values per species (n = 2 to 14 individuals per species).
Figure 3.
Effect of pollinator exclusion using bags with mesh apertures of 0.2 mm (solid line, small closed symbols), 2 mm (dashed line, open symbols) and 5 mm (dotted line, large closed symbols) on pollination success one month after anthesis.
Pollination success is defined as the mean percentage of flowers that gave rise to immature fruit for 8 to 10 bags per treatment on 2 to 6 replicate trees per species, expressed as a percentage of the mean value for an equivalent sample of open-pollinated flowers on the same tree.
Table 1.
Mean ± SEM calyx tube width (mm) for the 12 study species of Dipterocarpaceae sampled in Sepilok forest reserve (SFR).
Table 2.
Summary table of pollen dispersal from TWOGENER analysis in two species of dipterocarp with contrasting flower size.
Table 3.
Summary statistics of pollen dispersal from paternity analysis in dipterocarp species with a range of flower size, including the number of genotyped offspring (n); progeny type used in the paternity analysis: mature embryos directly collected from mother (ME); forest floor seedlings (FS), or Saplings (Sp); seedlings germinated from seeds collected below putative mothers (GS); proportion of total embryos assigned at 80% confidence level (% asgn 80%); mean pollen dispersal distance across all assigned embryos (MPDd), and sample area over which paternity analysis was conducted (PN area); N/A = not available.