Figure 1.
Atypical MBCs in individuals from the U.S., Peru and Mali.
Atypical MBCs were detected by flow cytometry and expressed as a percentage of total B cells in the peripheral blood of Pf-naive U.S. adults (n = 10), Pf-infected Peruvian adults (n = 18) and Pf-infected Malian adults (n = 12). Box-and-whisker plots represent the smallest and largest values (whiskers), the lower and upper quartiles (top and bottom of box), and the median (horizontal line across box). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables between groups.
Figure 2.
Atypical MBCs in Peruvian adults by self-reported history of prior malaria episodes.
Atypical MBCs were detected by flow cytometry and expressed as a percentage of total B cells in the peripheral blood of Pf-infected Peruvian adults who did (n = 12) or did not (n = 6) self-report a prior history of malaria. Box-and-whisker plots represent the smallest and largest values (whiskers), the lower and upper quartiles (top and bottom of box), and the median (horizontal line across box). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables between groups.
Figure 3.
Phenotypic analysis of B cell subsets in individuals from the U.S., Peru and Mali.
The following B cell subsets were quantified by flow cytometry, as detailed in Materials and Methods: plasma cells/blasts (CD19+ CD21− CD20−), activated MBCs (CD19+ CD21− CD27+CD20+), classical MBCs (CD19+ CD27+ CD21+), atypical MBCs (CD19+ CD20+ CD21− CD27− CD10−) naive B cells and immature B cells (CD19+ CD10+). B cell subsets are expressed as a percentage of total CD19+ B cells in the peripheral blood of Pf-naive U.S. adults (n = 10), Pf-infected Peruvian adults (n = 18) and Pf-infected Malian adults (n = 12). The relative proportions of B cell subsets are shown in stacked plots.
Figure 4.
Atypical MBCs and immunoglobulin class switching.
Class-switching of atypical MBCs was assessed by measuring cell surface expression of IgG by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of Pf-naive U.S. adults (n = 10), Pf-infected Peruvian adults (n = 18) and Pf-infected Malian adults (n = 12). Box-and-whisker plots represent the smallest and largest values (whiskers), the lower and upper quartiles (top and bottom of box), and the median (horizontal line across box). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables between groups.