Figure 1.
Eagle owl influence on reproductive success of goshawks and buzzards.
Standardized reproduction rate and fraction of nests failing (± SE) of goshawks A, B and common buzzards C, D breeding outside or within 1.5 km of an eagle owl nest within the central plot.
Figure 2.
Eagle owl influence on territory dynamics of goshawks and buzzards.
Territory dynamics, measured as the joint percentage of all territories that were newly founded or became extinct in the period 2000–2009 when eagle owls colonized the central plot. Percentages were significantly different in goshawks (black bars), but not buzzards (grey bars).
Figure 3.
Population dynamics of goshawks, buzzards and eagle owls.
Dynamics of goshawk A and buzzard B and eagle owl population densities in the period 1989–2009 in three adjacent plots in Eastern Westphalia, Germany. Eagle owls inhabit the central plot only and densities are calculated over its surface.
Figure 4.
Goshawk and buzzard densities in the three plots and two decades of study.
Densities (± SE) of goshawks A and buzzards B in the study area in Eastern Westpahlia in relation to the decade of study (black: 1989–1999, white: decade of eagle owl recolonization, 2000–2009) and plot of study.