Figure 1.
BURST output for strains in the E. coli MLST database with STs containing EAEC strains ringed in pink.
The size of the node is proportional to the number of isolates in the STs. Blue nodes represent predicted founder STs and sub-founders are indicated in yellow. All other STs marked as black dots. STs 12, 40 and the six clonal complexes containing four or more of the EAEC strains from this study are circled in green. Brown arrows point to the two outbreak isolates.
Figure 2.
75% Consensus ClonalFrame tree for MLST data from 150 EAEC strains including strains from Nigerian children with diarrhea (Red), healthy Nigerian children (Blue), and cases of diarrhea from other parts of the world (Yellow).
The tree incorporates recombination as well as mutation. The principal E. coli sub-clades corresponding to the four major groups originally defined by MLEE - A, B1, D and B2 - are marked to the right of the tree respectively in brown, purple, grey and orange. Boxed numbers to the right of the tree indicate strains belonging to the most common ST complexes identified by eBURST.
Table 1.
Mutation and recombination rates inferred by ClonalFrame analysis.
Figure 3.
Presence of absence of markers of the 042 antimicrobial resistance island and other chromosomal loci in EAEC belonging to phylogenetic group ECOR D mapped onto a 75% consensus tree.
Columns from left to right of the matrix indicate strain source (green = Nigeria, red = Thailand, grey = Peru), host status (orange = diarrhea, blue = healthy), columns 3–8 lpf A, cat 3, insA (Tn 1723), hra1, chuA, iucA (grey = positive, white = negative).
Figure 4.
Gene order and arrangement in the 042 antimicrobial resistance island inserted between pstS and glmS on the E. coli genomic backbone (shaded).
GC content is plotted on top of the gene-content schematic and regions used to screen for the different segments of the island are indicated by yellow boxes. The island consists of a 5′ long-polar fimbrial operon (outlined in red) with lower overall GC content, and a resistance region similar to that of Tn21 (outlined in green). The 3′ end of the island is identical to part of Tn1723. The resistance region and the 3′ end comprise Tn2411.