Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants in the case-control study.
Table 2.
Gene Loci, minor allele frequency and associations of the 19 SNPs with impaired glucose metabolism in the case and control subjects.
Table 3.
Genotype frequencies of 19 SNPs and individual risks for incident T2DM among the participants who were nondiabetic at baseline.
Figure 1.
Distribution of the genetic risk score and different glucose metabolism status.
Panel A, the case-control study. The percentage of different glucose metabolism status according to the number of risk alleles. P values were calculated by Chi-square analysis. Panel B, the prospective study. The percentage of incident T2DM and remaining non-diabetes according to the risk score. The numbers above the bars are the subjects with the corresponding risk score. With per 1 risk allele increasing, the risk for incident T2DM increases by 33% (P = 0.007), after adjusted for age, gender, BMI, diabetes family history, current smoking and alcohol intake.
Table 4.
The risk of impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes in relation to gene risk scores.
Table 5.
The predictive effect of the risk score on incident diabetes in the prospective study.
Figure 2.
Discriminative improvements attributable to the risk score.
Panel A, the case-control study. The combined effect of genetic risk score and clinical factors on T2DM increased by 1.6% compared to clinical factors. The area under ROC was 0.714 for clinical factors and 0.730 for combined risk score and clinical factors (both P<0.0001). Panel B, the prospective study. The discriminative improvement for incident T2DM by combining the genetic risk score was 2.9% compared with clinical factors (the area under ROC was 0.634 for clinical factors and 0.663 for combined risk factors, P = 0.002 and <0.0001, respectively). The black line represented the combined effect of clinical factors and risk score, and the dotted line was the effect of clinical factors. The clinical factors included age (continuous), gender, family history of diabetes (yes or no) and BMI (continuous). The risk score was categorized as quartiles.