Table 1.
SUDs and VOC before and after EMDR.
Figure 1.
(A) Spatial arrangement for smooth pursuit: one white dot on the black computer screen, 57 cm from subject's eyes, moving from center to right or left (15°), randomly. (b) Temporal arrangement: the white dot moves to opposite direction to the pursuit then returns to center (200 ms) to begin pursuit, the stimulus at velocity of 15°/s. (c) Typical recording of normal rightward pursuit is obtained by averaging the position signal of the two eyes (LE+RE)/2; CUS indicates catch-up saccades during the pursuit.
Figure 2.
Eye movements recorded during the pursuit task.
Individual traces of rightward smooth pursuit eye movements before and after EMDR for each subject. Each trace shows the instantaneous eye position over time during an individual trial. The thick diagonal line shows target displacement from centre the right of the screen. The eye movement starts after a latency period (see thick horizontal segment, s4). The eye position lagging behind target position frequently small catch up saccades are made (upward arrows). Occasionally the eye anticipates, e.g. going beyond target position and then a small saccade returns it back on the target (see downward arrow). The values of SUD and VOC are shown in cells of each figure. After EMDR all subjects show decrease of SUD and increase of VOC (when measured).
Figure 3.
Eye movements recorded during the pursuit task.
Individual traces of leftward smooth pursuit eye movements before and after EMDR for each subject. Each trace shows the instantaneous eye position over time during an individual trial. The thick diagonal line shows target displacement from centre to the left of the screen. The eye movement starts after a latency period (thick horizontal segment, s2). The eye position lagging behind target position frequently small catch up saccades are made (downward arrows). Occasionally the eye anticipates, going beyond target position and returns back (see upward arrow). All other notations as in Fig. 2.
Figure 4.
Parameters of pursuit eye movements.
Individual mean values with their standard deviation of number of CUS (A), amplitude of CUS (B) and gain of pursuit (C); data are shown before and after EMDR for smooth pursuit to right. Group mean values are presented on the right of each group. Asterisks show statistically significant difference.
Figure 5.
Parameters of pursuit eye movements.
Individual mean values with their standard deviation of number of CUS (A), amplitude of CUS (B) and gain of pursuit (C); data are shown before and after EMDR for smooth pursuit to left. All other notations as in Fig. 4.