Figure 1.
Histogram of quartet distances for the classification tree (1a), the adjusted maximum clade credibility tree modified to the expected linguistic topology (1b), and a randomized tree distribution (1c).
Figure 2.
Histogram of the estimated age of the Austronesian language family calculated using a conservative set of calibration points.
The light blue bar shows the age range predicted by the pulse-pause scenario (5,000 to 6,000 years BP), and the gray bar shows that predicted by the slow-boat scenario (13,000 to 17,000 years BP). The mean age estimate for Proto-Austronesian is 5,117 BP.
Figure 3.
Maximum clade credibility tree showing the branches belonging to the 25 languages that differ between the language phylogenies and the expected classification according to historical linguistics.
The queries concern only a small number of languages and do not affect the rooting and chain-like expansion sequence.