Table 1.
Subject Characteristics by GOLD Classification.
Figure 1.
Scatter plot of the fraction of CT voxels with attenuation values less than −950 Hounsfield Units (F-950) plotted on the X-axis and the right upper apical lobe bronchus wall area as a percentage of total airway area (WA%) plotted on the Y-axis.
Tertiles of F-950 and WA% are demarcated by the dotted vertical and horizontal lines within the scatter plot with the mean FEV1 percent predicted (FEV1%) values represented in the corresponding color-coded grid. No association exists between F-950 and WA% (r = −0.055, p = 0.40) and the severity of parenchymal emphysema and airway disease cannot be predicted based on FEV1 alone.
Table 2.
Association Between Log Transformed Serum Markers and FEV1 Percent Predicted (N = 234).
Table 3.
Association Between Log Transformed Serum Markers and Percent Wall Area (N = 234).
Table 4.
Association Between Log Transformed Serum Markers and Percent Emphysema (N = 234).
Table 5.
Association Between Log Transformed Serum Markers and FEV1 Percent Predicted Stratified by Current Smoking Status.
Figure 2.
Bar graph representing mean (standard error of the mean) interleukin 13 (IL-13) serum levels between tertiles of wall area percentage (WA%) and emphysema (F-950).
IL-13 serum levels increase with increasing tertiles of WA% with the highest levels occurring in those subjects with the most airway thickening (p = 0.038). IL-13 serum levels do not significantly vary between tertiles of F-950.
Figure 3.
Bar graph representing mean (standard error of the mean) interleukin 13 (IL-13) serum levels between tertiles of wall area percentage (WA%) stratified by smoking status.
IL-13 serum levels increase significantly with increasing WA% tertile only in current smokers (p = 0.003). Former smokers do not exhibit a significant change in IL-13 levels with degree of airway thickening (FS = former smokers, CS = current smokers).
Figure 4.
Bar graph representing mean (standard error of the mean) soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) serum levels between GOLD groups stratified by smoking status.
EGFR serum levels decrease with increasing GOLD group in former smokers (p = 0.16) but do not significantly vary with severity of obstruction in current smokers (FS = former smoker, CS = current smoker).
Table 6.
Association Between Log Transformed Serum Markers and Wall Area Stratified by Current Smoking Status.